{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:55:39Z","timestamp":1790517339283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A prospective study of dyspepsia was carried out in a primary referral hospital between 1974-1987 including 1540 patients of whom 1433 were seen as outpatients. The study protocol was agreed in advance and a structured questionnaire was used to elicit relevant clinical information: up to three diagnoses were permitted for each patient. The commonest principal diagnoses were duodenal ulcer (26%), functional dyspepsia (22%), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (15%); alcohol related dyspepsia (4%) was as common as gastric carcinoma or symptomatic gall stones. Multiple diagnoses were common (31% given two diagnoses, and 6% given three) so that in all 2111 diagnoses were given to 1540 patients; the functional disorders (IBS and functional dyspepsia) considered together accounted for 39% of all diagnoses made. Whereas organic conditions were diagnosed by clinicians with confidence (63-98% considered 'certain'), even when given as the principal or first diagnosis IBS was considered 'certain' in only 61% and functional dyspepsia 48%. The demographic symptom data, together with information on tobacco and alcohol use, and work lost are described in detail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.2.191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"191-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["A database on dyspepsia."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"G P","family":"Crean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R J","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R P","family":"Knill-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A D","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W B","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F M","family":"Marjoribanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Spiegelhalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1349","article-title":"Do young patients with dyspepsia need investigation?","volume":"ii:","author":"Williams, B.; Luckas, M.; Ellingham, J.H.; Dain, A.; Wicks, A.C.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Williams B, Luckas M, Ellingham JH, Dain A, Wicks AC. Do young patients with dyspepsia need investigation? Lancet 1988; ii: 1349-51.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"An attempt to distinguish between non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer","volume-title":"Seventh BSGISK&F International Workshop","author":"Crean, G.P.; McCormack, A.; Spiegelhalter, D.J.; Knill-Jones, R.P.; Holden, R.J.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Crean GP, McCormack A, Spiegelhalter DJ, Knill-Jones RP, Holden RJ. An attempt to distinguish between non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. In: Rees WDW, ed. Seventh BSGISK&F International Workshop. Chepstow, England: Smith Kline & French, 1986: 44-9."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"367","article-title":"Burbulence: A fresh look at flatulent dyspepsia","author":"Jones, F.A.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Jones FA. Burbulence: A fresh look at flatulent dyspepsia. Practitioner 1967; 198: 367-70.","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ulcer like dyspepsia","volume":"79","author":"Crean, G.P.; Card, W.I.; Beattie, A.D.; Holden, R.J.; James, W.B.; Knill-Jones, R.P.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Crean GP, Card WI, Beattie AD, Holden RJ, James WB, Knill-Jones RP. Ulcer like dyspepsia. Scandj Gastroenterol 1982; 17 (suppl 79): 9-15.","journal-title":"Scandj Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"44","article-title":"Problem areas in diagnosis","volume-title":"Peptic ulcer. Vol 7","author":"Crean, G.P.; Holden, R.J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Crean GP, Holden RJ. Problem areas in diagnosis. In: Carter DC, ed. Peptic ulcer. Vol 7. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1983: 44-61."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Symptoms of peptic ulcer in peptic ulcer disease","volume-title":"Contemporary issues in gastroenterology. Vol 3","author":"Crean, G.P.; Spiegelhalter, D.J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Crean GP, Spiegelhalter DJ. Symptoms of peptic ulcer in peptic ulcer disease. In: Brooks FP, Cohen S, Soloway RD, ed. Contemporary issues in gastroenterology. Vol 3. New York, Edinburgh, London, and Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone, 1985: 1-15."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0660307","article-title":"The logical description of a disease class as a Boolean function with special reference to the irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Card, W.I.; Lucas, R.W.; Spiegelhalter, D.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Card WI, Lucas RW, Spiegelhalter DJ. The logical description of a disease class as a Boolean function with special reference to the irritable bowel syndrome. 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Scand J3 Gastroenterol 1991;26: 1-6."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_11","first-page":"32","article-title":"Gall stone dyspepsia","volume":"1968","author":"Rhind, J.A.; Watson, L.","unstructured":"Rhind JA, Watson L. Gall stone dyspepsia. BMJ 1968; 1: 32.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"565","article-title":"Nonucler dyspepsia","volume":"130","author":"Thompson, W.G.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Thompson WG. Nonucler dyspepsia. Can Med AssocJ7 1984; 130: 565-9."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00620-9","article-title":"Non-ulcer dyspepsia","volume":"13","author":"Lagarde, S.P.; Spiro, H.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lagarde SP, Spiro HM. Non-ulcer dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol 1984; 13: 437-46.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528509088842","article-title":"The association between non-ulcer dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"20","author":"Talley, N.J.; Piper, D.W.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Talley NJ, Piper DW. The association between non-ulcer dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal disorders. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985; 20: 896-900.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198706000-00012","article-title":"The 'epigastric distress syndrome': a possible disease entity identified by history and endoscopy in patients with nonucler dyspepsia","volume":"9","year":"1987","unstructured":"Nyren 0, Adami H-0, Gustavsson S, Lindgren PG, Loof L, Nyberg A. 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Definition and investigation of dyspepsia. Consensus of an international ad hoc working party. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34: 1272-6.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00725-2","article-title":"Alcohol-related symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Rudert, C.S.; Galambos, J.T.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rudert CS, Galambos JT. Alcohol-related symptoms. Clin Gastroenterol 1985; 14: 575-89.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6138.653","article-title":"Towards a positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Manning, A.P.; Thompson, W.G.; Heaton, K.W.; Morris, A.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF. Towards a positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel syndrome. BMJ 1978; 2: 653-4.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1","article-title":"A diagnostic score for the irritable bowel syndrome","volume-title":"Its value in the exclusion of organic disease. Gastroenterology","volume":"87","author":"Kruis, W.; Thieme, C.H.; Weizierl, M.; Schussler, P.; Hall, J.; Paulus, W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kruis W, Thieme CH, Weizierl M, Schussler P, Hall J, Paulus W. A diagnostic score for the irritable bowel syndrome. Its value in the exclusion of organic disease. Gastroenterology 1984; 87: 1-7."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"92","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome","volume-title":"Guidelines for its diagnosis. Gastroenterology International 1989; 2","author":"Thompson, W.G.; Dotevall, G.; Drossman, D.A.; Heaton, K.W.; Kruis, W.","unstructured":"Thompson WG, Dotevall G, Drossman DA, Heaton KW, Kruis W. Irritable bowel syndrome. Guidelines for its diagnosis. 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London: Grune and Stratton, 1985: 29-42."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1983.tb00883.x","article-title":"The value of clinical, biochemical, ultrasound and liver biopsy data in assessing patients with liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Theodossi, A.; Spiegelhalter, D.J.; Portman, B.; Eddleston, A.L.; Williams, R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Theodossi A, Spiegelhalter DJ, Portman B, Eddleston AL, Williams R. The value of clinical, biochemical, ultrasound and liver biopsy data in assessing patients with liver disease. Liver 1983; 3: 315-26.","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"337","article-title":"Clincial manifestations in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer","volume":"37","author":"Edwards, F.C.; Coghill, N.F.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Edwards FC, Coghill NF. Clincial manifestations in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. QJ Med 1968; 37: 337-60.","journal-title":"QJ Med"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.6.743","article-title":"Chronic upper abdominal pain: site and radiation in various structural and functional disorders and the effect of various foods","volume":"33","author":"Kang, J.Y.; Tay, H.H.; Guan, R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kang JY, Tay HH, Guan R. Chronic upper abdominal pain: site and radiation in various structural and functional disorders and the effect of various foods. Gut 1991; 33: 743-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"40","article-title":"How does computer-aided diagnosis improve the management of acute abdominal pain?","volume":"74","author":"Wellwood, J.; Johannessen, S.; Spiegelhalter, D.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wellwood J, Johannessen S, Spiegelhalter DJ. 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London: W B Saunders, 1985: 489-5 15."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.35.2.191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T11:02:37Z","timestamp":1765623757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.35.2.191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.35.2.191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.35.2.191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]}}}