{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:11:06Z","timestamp":1764997866926,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The toxicity of two varieties of bread wheat, one poor in alpha and beta gliadins and the other poor in alpha, beta, gamma, and omega gliadins, has been tested. The peptic-tryptic digest of these wheats was assessed using coeliac mucosa in an in vitro organ culture system. A significantly lower toxicity was found in respect of bread wheat containing all gliadin fractions. These results suggest new opportunities for the treatment of coeliac disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.3.375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"375-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Wheat deficient in gliadins: promising tool for treatment of coeliac disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Frisoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G R","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Lafiandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"De Ambrogio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Filipponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Bonvicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Borasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Porceddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199112123252406","article-title":"Celiac sprue","volume":"325","author":"Trier, J.S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Trier JS. Celiac sprue. N Engl Jf Med 1991; 325: 1709-19.","journal-title":"N Engl Jf Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.3.333","article-title":"Malignancy in coeliac disease. Effect of a gluten-free diet","volume":"30","author":"Holmes, G.K.T.; Prior, P.; Lane, M.R.; Pope, D.; Allan, R.N.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Holmes GKT, Prior P, Lane MR, Pope D, Allan RN. Malignancy in coeliac disease. Effect of a gluten-free diet. Gut 1989; 30: 333-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90423-7","article-title":"Celiac sprue and refractory sprue","volume":"75","author":"Trier, J.S.; Falchuk, Z.M.; Carey, M.C.; Schreiber, D.S.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Trier JS, Falchuk ZM, Carey MC, Schreiber DS. Celiac sprue and refractory sprue. Gastroenterology 1978; 75: 307-9.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00600-3","article-title":"Defective splenic function and its relation to bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Corazza, G.R.; Gasbarrini, G.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Corazza GR, Gasbarrini G. Defective splenic function and its relation to bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol 1983; 12: 651-69.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_5","first-page":"7","article-title":"Followup study of coeliac disease","volume":"1968","author":"Mortimer, E.; Stewart, J.S.; Norman, A.P.; Booth, C.C.","unstructured":"Mortimer E, Stewart JS, Norman AP, Booth CC. Followup study of coeliac disease. BMJ 1968; 3: 7-9.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"110","article-title":"False security of a gluten-free diet","volume":"135","author":"Gryboski, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gryboski J. False security of a gluten-free diet. Am J Dis Child 1981; 135: 110-1.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.60.7.672","article-title":"Parents' understanding of coeliac disease and diet","volume":"60","author":"Jackson, P.T.; Glasgow, J.F.T.; Thom, R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jackson PT, Glasgow JFT, Thom R. Parents' understanding of coeliac disease and diet. Arch Dis Child 1985; 60: 672-4.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.7.706","article-title":"Compliance with gluten free diet in coeliac disease","volume":"62","author":"Colaco, J.; Egan-Mitchell, B.; Stevens, F.M.; Fottrell, P.F.; McCarthy, C.F.; McNicholl, B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Colaco J, Egan-Mitchell B, Stevens FM, Fottrell PF, McCarthy CF, McNicholl B. Compliance with gluten free diet in coeliac disease. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 706-8.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.11.1564","article-title":"Low gluten diet in the treatment of adult coeliac disease: effect on jejunal morphology and serum anti-gliadin antibodies","volume":"29","author":"Montgomery, A.M.P.; Goka, A.K.J.; Kumar, P.J.; Farthing, M.J.G.; Clark, M.C.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Montgomery AMP, Goka AKJ, Kumar PJ, Farthing MJG, Clark MC. Low gluten diet in the treatment of adult coeliac disease: effect on jejunal morphology and serum anti-gliadin antibodies. Gut 1988; 29: 1564-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.8.916","article-title":"The teenage coeliac: follow up study of 102 patients","volume":"63","author":"Kumar, P.J.; Walker-Smith, J.; Milla, P.; Harris, G.; Colyer, J.; Halliday, R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kumar PJ, Walker-Smith J, Milla P, Harris G, Colyer J, Halliday R. The teenage coeliac: follow up study of 102 patients. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63: 916-20.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.1.98","article-title":"Celiac disease: parental knowledge and attitudes of dietary compliance","volume":"85","author":"Anson, A.; Weizman, Z.; Zeevi, N.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Anson A, Weizman Z, Zeevi N. Celiac disease: parental knowledge and attitudes of dietary compliance. Pediatrics 1990; 85: 98-103.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.8.881","article-title":"Compliance of adolescents with coeliac disease with a gluten free diet","volume":"32","author":"Mayer, M.; Greco, L.; Troncone, R.; Auricchio, S.; Marsh, M.N.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mayer M, Greco L, Troncone R, Auricchio S, Marsh MN. Compliance of adolescents with coeliac disease with a gluten free diet. Gut 1991; 32: 881-5.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"963","article-title":"Foods for patients with celiac disease","volume":"127","author":"Campbell, J.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Campbell JA. Foods for patients with celiac disease. Can Med AssocJ3 1982; 127: 963-5."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"11","article-title":"Some aspects of gliadin fractionation and testing by a histochemical method","author":"WThJM, Hekkens; ADCh, Haex; RG, Willinghagen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hekkens WThJM, Haex ADCh, Willinghagen RG. Some aspects of gliadin fractionation and testing by a histochemical method. In: Booth CC, Dowling RH, eds. Coeliac disease. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1970: 11-9."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.38.060187.001041","article-title":"Genetics of wheat storage proteins and the effect of allele variation on bread-making quality","volume":"38","author":"Payne, P.I.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Payne PI. Genetics of wheat storage proteins and the effect of allele variation on bread-making quality. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 1987; 38: 141-53.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Plant Physiology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00288860","article-title":"Null alleles for gliadin blocks in bread and durum wheat cultivars","volume":"74","author":"Lafiandra, D.; Colaprico, G.; Kasarda, D.D.; Porceddu, E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lafiandra D, Colaprico G, Kasarda DD, Porceddu E. Null alleles for gliadin blocks in bread and durum wheat cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 1987; 74: 610-6.","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics"},{"key":"ref_17","series-title":"Proceedings 3rd International Workshop on Gluten Proteins","first-page":"71","article-title":"Lack of expression of certain storage proteins in bread wheats; distribution and genetic analysis of null forms","author":"Lafiandra, D.; Splendido, R.; Tomassini, C.; Porceddu, E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lafiandra D, Splendido R, Tomassini C, Porceddu E. Lack of expression of certain storage proteins in bread wheats; distribution and genetic analysis of null forms. In: Lasztity R, Bekes F, eds. Proceedings 3rd International Workshop on Gluten Proteins. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 1987: 71-90."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"487","article-title":"An in vitro model of gluten sensitive enteropathy","volume":"53","author":"Falchuck, Z.M.; Gebhard, R.L.; Sessoms, C.; Strober, W.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Falchuck ZM, Gebhard RL, Sessoms C, Strober W. An in vitro model of gluten sensitive enteropathy. J Clin Invest 1974; 53: 487-500.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"314","article-title":"One and two dimensional","volume":"62","author":"Lafiandra, D.; Kasarda, D.D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lafiandra D, Kasarda DD. One and two dimensional (2 pH) system of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis carried out in a single gel: separation of wheat proteins. Cereal Chem 1985; 62: 314-9.","journal-title":"Cereal Chem; pH) system of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis carried out in a single gel: separation of wheat proteins"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"252","article-title":"Gluten-induced enteropathy. The effect of partially digested gluten","volume":"ii:","author":"Frazer, A.C.; Fletcher, R.F.; Ross, C.A.C.; Shaw, B.; Sammons, H.G.; Schneider, R.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Frazer AC, Fletcher RF, Ross CAC, Shaw B, Sammons HG, Schneider R. Gluten-induced enteropathy. The effect of partially digested gluten. Lancet 1959; ii: 252-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"442","article-title":"Gluten sensitivity of small intestinal mucosa in vitro: quantitative assessment","volume-title":"of histological change. Gastroenterology 1981; 80","author":"Howdle, P.D.; Corazza, G.R.; Bullen, A.W.; Losowsky, M.S.","unstructured":"Howdle PD, Corazza GR, Bullen AW, Losowsky MS. Gluten sensitivity of small intestinal mucosa in vitro: quantitative assessment of histological change. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 442-50."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"3","article-title":"The toxicity of gliadin: a review","volume-title":"Perspectives in coeliac disease","author":"WThJM, Hekkens","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hekkens WThJM. The toxicity of gliadin: a review. In: McNicholl B, McCarthy CF, Fottrell PF, eds. Perspectives in coeliac disease. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978: 3-14."},{"issue":"94","key":"ref_23","first-page":"477","article-title":"Starch gel electrophoresis of wheat gluten proteins with concentrated urea","volume":"1961","author":"Woychik, J.H.; Boundy, J.A.; Dimler, R.J.","unstructured":"Woychik JH, Boundy JA, Dimler RJ. Starch gel electrophoresis of wheat gluten proteins with concentrated urea. Arch Biochem Biophys 1961; 94: 477-82.","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1984.12005681","article-title":"Are all gliadins toxic in coeliac disease? An in vitro study of alpha, beta, gamma and omega gliadins","volume":"19","author":"Howdle, P.D.; Ciclitira, P.J.; Simpson, F.G.; Losowsky, M.S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Howdle PD, Ciclitira PJ, Simpson FG, Losowsky MS. Are all gliadins toxic in coeliac disease? An in vitro study of alpha, beta, gamma and omega gliadins. Scand J Gastroenterol 1984; 19: 41-7.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0660357","article-title":"Clinical testing of gliadin fractions in coeliac patients","volume":"66","author":"Ciclitira, P.J.; Evans, D.J.; Fagg, N.L.K.; Lennox, E.S.; Dowling, R.H.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ciclitira PJ, Evans DJ, Fagg NLK, Lennox ES, Dowling RH. Clinical testing of gliadin fractions in coeliac patients. Clin Sci 1984; 66: 357-64.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"75","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of the toxic fraction of wheat gliadins in coeliac disease","volume-title":"Perspectives in coeliac disease","author":"Jos, J.; Charbonnier, L.; Mougenot, J.F.; Mosse, J.; Rey, J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Jos J, Charbonnier L, Mougenot JF, Mosse J, Rey J. Isolation and characterization of the toxic fraction of wheat gliadins in coeliac disease. In: McNicholl B, McCarthy CF, Fottrell PF, eds. Perspectives in coeliac disease. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978: 75-80."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"492","article-title":"Which gliadin fraction is toxic?","volume":"24","author":"Sinclair, T.S.; Ohannesian, A.D.; Jones, D.; Emmett, S.; Kumar, P.; Waldron, N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sinclair TS, Ohannesian AD, Jones D, Emmett S, Kumar P, Waldron N, et al. Which gliadin fraction is toxic? Gut 1983; 24: A492.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"55","article-title":"A test of toxicity of bread made from wheat lacking alpha-gliadins coded for by 6A chromosome","author":"Kasarda, D.; Qualset, C.O.; Mecham, D.K.; Goodenberger, D.M.; Strober, W.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Kasarda D, Qualset CO, Mecham DK, Goodenberger DM, Strober W. A test of toxicity of bread made from wheat lacking alpha-gliadins coded for by 6A chromosome. In: McNicholl B, McCarthy CF, Fottrell PF, eds. Lancaster: MPT Press, 1978: 55-61."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90123-3","article-title":"Clinical testing of bread made from nullisomic 6A wheat in coeliac patients","volume":"ii:","author":"Ciclitira, P.J.; Hunter, J.O.; Lennox, E.S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ciclitira PJ, Hunter JO, Lennox ES. Clinical testing of bread made from nullisomic 6A wheat in coeliac patients. Lancet 1980; ii: 234-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.11.939","article-title":"In vitro diagnosis of coeliac disease: an assessment","volume":"22","author":"Howdle, P.D.; Corazza, G.R.; Bullen, A.W.; Losowsky, M.S.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Howdle PD, Corazza GR, Bullen AW, Losowsky MS. In vitro diagnosis of coeliac disease: an assessment. Gut 1981; 22: 939-47.","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.36.3.375","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:05:55Z","timestamp":1764997555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.36.3.375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.36.3.375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.36.3.375","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}}}