{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:21:13Z","timestamp":1770481273531,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reinfection with Helicobacter pylori after eradication is responsible for the recurrence of duodenal ulcer disease. The mode of transmission has not yet been established. In this study, 18 patients with chronic duodenal ulcers in whom H pylori had been eradicated with amoxicillin and metronidazole were entered into a prospective follow up study. Control endoscopies were performed 4, 8, 14, 27, and 43 months after starting treatment and the results of direct tests were compared with the kinetics of H pylori specific IgG titres. After eradication there was a noticeable and consistent fall in anti-H pylori IgG, while reinfections were characterised by a significant increase in specific titres. Reinfection was detected in two patients after 14 and 43 months, respectively. The H pylori strains responsible for these reinfections, the corresponding pretreatment isolates, and the strains isolated from the spouses of these patients were examined by polymerase chain reaction based DNA fingerprinting. Analysis showed that reinfection had been caused by the same H pylori strain and identified the spouses of these patients as carriers of the identical strain. Considering the genomic diversity and the interpatient heterogeneity of H pylori these results suggest a person to person transmission of H pylori reinfection. By the end of the observation period reflux oesophagitis had developed in 10 of the 16 patients who had not been reinfected. This surprising finding may be explained by the changed eating habits of patients after healing of duodenal ulcer disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.6.831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"831-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Helicobacter pylori reinfection with identical organisms: transmission by the patients' spouses."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Sch\u00fctze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Hentschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Dragosics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Hirschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Cure of duodenal ulcer after eradication of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"153","author":"George, L.L.; Borody, T.J.; Andrews, P.; Devine, M.; MooreJones, D.; Walton, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"George LL, Borody TJ, Andrews P, Devine M, MooreJones D, Walton M, et al. Cure of duodenal ulcer after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Med JAust 1989; 153: 145-9.","journal-title":"Med JAust"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1989.tb101251.x","article-title":"Recurrence of duodenal ulcer and Campylobacter pylori infection after eradication","volume":"151","author":"Borody, T.J.; Cole, P.; Noonan, S.; Morgan, A.; Lenne, J.; Hyland, L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Borody TJ, Cole P, Noonan S, Morgan A, Lenne J, Hyland L, et al. Recurrence of duodenal ulcer and Campylobacter pylori infection after eradication. Med Jf Aust 1989; 151: 431-5.","journal-title":"Med Jf Aust"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302043280503","article-title":"Effect of rantidine and amoxicillin plus metronidazole on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the recurrence of duodenal ulcer","volume":"328","author":"Hentschel, E.; Brandstatter, G.; Dragosics, B.; Hirschl, A.M.; Nemec, H.; Schiltze, K.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hentschel E, Brandstatter G, Dragosics B, Hirschl AM, Nemec H, Schiltze K, et al. Effect of rantidine and amoxicillin plus metronidazole on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the recurrence of duodenal ulcer. NEnglJMed 1993; 328: 308-12.","journal-title":"NEnglJMed"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5137","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.19.5137","article-title":"DNA diversity among clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori detected by PCR-based RAPD fingerprinting","volume":"20","author":"Akopyanz, N.; Bulkanov, N.O.; Westblom, T.U.; Kresovich, S.; Berg, D.E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Akopyanz N, Bulkanov NO, Westblom TU, Kresovich S, Berg DE. DNA diversity among clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori detected by PCR-based RAPD fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20: 5137-42.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"473","article-title":"Single and multiple strain colonization in patients with Helicobacter associated gastritis: Detection by macrorestriction-DNA analysis","volume":"170","author":"Hirschl, A.M.; Richter, M.; Makristathis, A.; Pruckl, P.M.; Willinger, B.; Schuitze, K.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hirschl AM, Richter M, Makristathis A, Pruckl PM, Willinger B, Schuitze K, et al. Single and multiple strain colonization in patients with Helicobacter associated gastritis: Detection by macrorestriction-DNA analysis. JInfectDis 1994; 170: 473-5.","journal-title":"JInfectDis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.10.1348","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: comparison of DNA fingerprints provides evidence for intrafamilial infection","volume":"34","author":"Bamford, K.B.; Bickley, J.; Collins, J.S.A.; Johnston, B.T.; Potts, S.; Boston, V.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bamford KB, Bickley J, Collins JSA, Johnston BT, Potts S, Boston V, et al. Helicobacter pylori: comparison of DNA fingerprints provides evidence for intrafamilial infection. Gut 1993; 34: 1348-50.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6800","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.21.6800-6806.1992","article-title":"Construction of a Helicobacter genome map and demonstration of diversity at the genome level","volume":"174","author":"Taylor, D.E.; Eaton, M.; Chang, N.; Salama, S.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Taylor DE, Eaton M, Chang N, Salama SM. Construction of a Helicobacter genome map and demonstration of diversity at the genome level. Jf Bacteriol 1992; 174: 6800-6.","journal-title":"Jf Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002083220603","article-title":"Intrafamilial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"322","author":"Drumm, B.; Perez-Perez, G.I.; Blaser, M.J.; Sherman, P.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Drumm B, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ, Sherman PM. Intrafamilial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection. N EnglJf Med 1990; 322: 359-63.","journal-title":"N EnglJf Med"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.3.642-644.1991","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in couples","volume":"29","author":"Perez-Perez, G.I.; Witkin, S.S.; Decker, M.D.; Blaser, M.J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Perez-Perez GI, Witkin SS, Decker MD, Blaser MJ. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in couples. Jf Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 642-4.","journal-title":"Jf Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"4","article-title":"The best way to prevent recurrence: Kill off Helicobacter for good. In: H pylon. The acid factor","author":"Bell, D.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bell D. The best way to prevent recurrence: Kill off Helicobacter for good. In: H pylon. The acid factor. London: Haymarket Medical Imprint, 1992: 4-5."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91622-F","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori reinfection 4 years post eradication","volume":"339","author":"Borody, T.J.; Andrews, P.; Mancuso, N.; Jankiewicz, E.; Brandl, S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Borody TJ, Andrews P, Mancuso N, Jankiewicz E, Brandl S. Helicobacter pylori reinfection 4 years post eradication. Lancet 1992; 339: 1295.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91782-Y","article-title":"Symptoms and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of epidemiologists","volume":"102","author":"Parsonnet, J.; Blaser, M.J.; Perez-Perez, G.I.; Hargrett-Bean, N.; Tauxe, R.V.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Parsonnet J, Blaser MJ, Perez-Perez GI, Hargrett-Bean N, Tauxe RV. Symptoms and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of epidemiologists. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 41-6.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"308","article-title":"Seroconversion for Helicobacter pylori","volume":"328","author":"Kuipers, E.J.; Pena, A.S.; Von Kamp, G.; Uyterlinde, A.M.; Pals, G.; Pels, N.F.M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kuipers EJ, Pena AS, Von Kamp G, Uyterlinde AM, Pals G, Pels NFM, et al. Seroconversion for Helicobacter pylori. Lancet 1993; 328: 308-12.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"184","article-title":"A prospective two and three year follow-up of seroconversion of Helicobacter pylori in a randomly selected population","volume":"102","author":"van Zanten S, Veldhuyzen; L, Best; G, Bezanson; D, Haldane; T, Marrie","year":"1992","unstructured":"Veldhuyzen van Zanten S, Best L, Bezanson G, Haldane D, Marrie T. A prospective two and three year follow-up of seroconversion of Helicobacter pylori in a randomly selected population. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: A184.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.10.1328","article-title":"of Helicobacter pylori positive children treated with amoxicillin and tinidazole","volume":"33","author":"Oderda, G.; Vaira, D.; Ainley, C.; Holton, J.; Osborn, J.; Altare, F.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Oderda G, Vaira D, Ainley C, Holton J, Osborn J, Altare F, et al. Eighteen month follow up of Helicobacter pylori positive children treated with amoxicillin and tinidazole. Gut 1992; 33: 1328-30.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529209000088","article-title":"Duodenal ulcer and eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a developing country","volume":"27","author":"Coelho, L.G.V.; Passos, M.C.F.; Chausson, Y.; Costa, E.L.; Maia, A.F.; Brandao, M.J.C.C.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Coelho LGV, Passos MCF, Chausson Y, Costa EL, Maia AF, Brandao MJCC, et al. Duodenal ulcer and eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a developing country. An 18 month follow-up study. Scand Y Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 362-6.","journal-title":"Scand Y Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.36.6.831","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T16:25:11Z","timestamp":1765643111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.36.6.831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.36.6.831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.36.6.831","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]}}}