{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:09:03Z","timestamp":1765609743438,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by inflammatory cells can contribute to tissue destruction. ROS have been implicated in various gastrointestinal abnormalities, including the acid related peptic diseases. Although the development of oesophagitis and Barrett's columnar epithelium is associated with prolonged reflux of gastric acid, the exact mechanism by which tissue damage occurs is not known. To discover if ROS are involved in damage to the oesophageal mucosa, this study measured in vitro the mucosal ROS concentrations of biopsied mucosal samples taken from patients with reflux oesophagitis using luminol enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL). Mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from 83 patients: 19 with normal oesophageal mucosa (group I); 20 with macroscopic oesophagitis (group II); 20 with biopsy confirmed Barrett's epithelium without macroscopic oesophagitis (group III); and 24 with Barrett's epithelium with macroscopic oesophagitis (group IV). The mucosa from patients exhibited significantly higher LECL values than the mucosa from controls. But, there were no significant differences between groups II, III, and IV. Addition of the myeloperoxidase inhibitor, azide, or the hydrogen peroxide scavenger, catalase, to the tissue suspension caused a decrease in LECL values of 32% and 45%, respectively, suggesting that neutrophils--although important--are not the only source of mucosal LECL. These data are consistent with the proposal that ROS play an important part in the tissue injury associated with oesophagitis and Barrett's columnar epithelium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.2.168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"168-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Mucosal reactive oxygen species production in oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Olyaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Sontag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Schnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Mobarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Eiznhamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Keshavarzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Endoscopic screening for Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma and other mucosal changes in ambulatory subjects with symptomatic","volume-title":"gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroenterology 1985; 88: Al 576","author":"Schnell, T.; Sontag, S.; Wanner, J.; Chintam, R.; Chejfec, G.; O'Connell, S.","unstructured":"Schnell T, Sontag S, Wanner J, Chintam R, Chejfec G, O'Connell S, et al. Endoscopic screening for Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma and other mucosal changes in ambulatory subjects with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroenterology 1985; 88: Al 576."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109667","article-title":"Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects","volume":"65","author":"Dent, J.; Dodds, W.J.; Friedman, R.H.; Sekiguchi, T.; Hogan, W.J.; Arndorfer, R.C.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dent J, Dodds WJ, Friedman RH, Sekiguchi T, Hogan WJ, Arndorfer RC, et al. Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects. J Clin Invest 1980; 65: 256-7.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198212163072503","article-title":"Mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with reflux esophagitis","volume":"307","author":"Dodds, W.J.; Dent, J.; Hogan, W.J.; Helm, J.F.; Hauser, R.; Patel, G.K.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dodds WJ, Dent J, Hogan WJ, Helm JF, Hauser R, Patel GK, et al. Mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with reflux esophagitis. N EnglJ Med 1982; 307: 1547-52.","journal-title":"N EnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"121","article-title":"The biology and pathology of oxygen radicals","volume":"89","author":"McCord, J.M.; Fridovich, I.","year":"1978","unstructured":"McCord JM, Fridovich I. The biology and pathology of oxygen radicals. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89: 121-7.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"407","article-title":"The role of oxygen free radicals in human disease processes","volume":"94","author":"Buckley, G.B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Buckley GB. The role of oxygen free radicals in human disease processes. Surgery 1983; 94: 407-11.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"397","article-title":"Role of oxygen-derived free radicals and metabolites in leukocyte-dependent inflammatory reactions","volume":"107","author":"Fantone, J.C.; Ward, P.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fantone JC, Ward PA. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals and metabolites in leukocyte-dependent inflammatory reactions. Am JPathol 1982; 107: 397-418.","journal-title":"Am JPathol"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"415","article-title":"Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in digestive tract disease","volume":"94","author":"Parks, D.; Buckley, G.; Granger, N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Parks D, Buckley G, Granger N. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in digestive tract disease. Surgery 1983; 94: 415-22.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.11.1467","article-title":"Mucosal reactive oxygen metabolite production in duodenal ulcer disease","volume":"33","author":"Davies, G.R.; Simmonds, N.J.; Stevens, T.R.J.; Grandison, A.; Blake, D.R.; Rampton, D.S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Davies GR, Simmonds NJ, Stevens TRJ, Grandison A, Blake DR, Rampton DS. Mucosal reactive oxygen metabolite production in duodenal ulcer disease. Gut 1992; 33: 1467-72.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91111-G","article-title":"Excessive production of reactive oxygen metabolites by inflamed colon: analysis by chemiluminescence probe","volume":"103","author":"Keshavarzian, A.; Sedghi, S.; Kanofsky, J.; List, T.; Robinson, C.; Ibrahim, C.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Keshavarzian A, Sedghi S, Kanofsky J, List T, Robinson C, Ibrahim C, et al. Excessive production of reactive oxygen metabolites by inflamed colon: analysis by chemiluminescence probe. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 177-85.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Increased production of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence by the inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume-title":"Gut","volume":"34","author":"Sedgi, S.; Klamut, M.; Field, J.L.; Urban, G.; Durkin, M.; Winship, D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sedgi S, Klamut M, Field JL, Urban G, Durkin M, Winship D, et al. Increased production of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence by the inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 1993; 34: 1191-7."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91112-H","article-title":"Chemiluminescence assay of mucosal reactive oxygen metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"103","author":"Simmonds, N.J.; Allen, R.; Stevens, T.R.J.; Van SoMelen, R.N.; Blake, D.R.; Rampton, D.S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Simmonds NJ, Allen R, Stevens TRJ, Van SoMelen RN, Blake DR, Rampton DS. Chemiluminescence assay of mucosal reactive oxygen metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 186-96.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589209514193","article-title":"High levels of reactive oxygen metabolites in colon cancer tissue: analysis by chemiluminescence probe","volume":"17","author":"Keshavarzian, A.; Zapeda, D.; List, T.; Mobarhan, S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Keshavarzian A, Zapeda D, List T, Mobarhan S. High levels of reactive oxygen metabolites in colon cancer tissue: analysis by chemiluminescence probe. Nutr Cancer 1992; 17: 243-9.","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90091-V","article-title":"Free radicals and the etiology of colon cancer","volume":"8","author":"Babbs, C.F.C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Babbs CFC. Free radicals and the etiology of colon cancer. Free Radical Biol Med 1990; 8: 191-200.","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101436","article-title":"Effect of mineral particles containing iron of primary cultures of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells: possible implication of oxidative stress","volume":"101","author":"true","year":"1993","unstructured":"Guilianelli C, Baeza-Squiban A, Boisvieux-Ulrich E, Houcine 0, Zalma R, Guennou C, et al. Effect of mineral particles containing iron of primary cultures of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells: possible implication of oxidative stress. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 101: 436-42.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90162-X","article-title":"Healing and relapse of severe peptic esophagitis after treatment with omeprazole","volume":"95","author":"Hetzel, D.J.; Dent, J.; Reed, W.D.; Narielvala, F.M.; Mackinnon, M.; McCarthy, J.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hetzel DJ, Dent J, Reed WD, Narielvala FM, Mackinnon M, McCarthy JH, et al. Healing and relapse of severe peptic esophagitis after treatment with omeprazole. Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 903-12.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford, M.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248-54.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12506462","article-title":"Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker","volume":"78","author":"Bradley, P.P.; Priebat, D.A.; Christenson, R.D.; Rothstein, G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bradley PP, Priebat DA, Christenson RD, Rothstein G. Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker. Jf Invest Dermatol 1982; 78: 206-9.","journal-title":"Jf Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"223","article-title":"Role of acid and pepsin","volume-title":"acute experimental esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1969; 56","author":"Goldberg, H.I.; Dodds, W.J.; Gee, S.; Montgomery, C.; Zboralske, F.F.","unstructured":"Goldberg HI, Dodds WJ, Gee S, Montgomery C, Zboralske FF. Role of acid and pepsin in acute experimental esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1969; 56: 223-30."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00141-3","article-title":"Consequences of gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"5","author":"Hendrix, T.R.; Yardley, J.H.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hendrix TR, Yardley JH. Consequences of gastroesophageal reflux. Clin Gastroenterol 1976; 5: 155-74.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197610000-00009","article-title":"Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease","volume":"184","author":"Demeester, T.R.; Johnson, L.F.; Joseph, G.J.; Toscano, M.S.; Hall, A.W.; Skinner, D.B.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Demeester TR, Johnson LF, Joseph GJ, Toscano MS, Hall AW, Skinner DB. Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease. Ann Surg 1976; 184: 459-69.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"862","article-title":"Role of bile and pancreatic juice in production of esophageal","volume-title":"erosions and anemia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med","volume":"77","author":"Cross, F.S.; Wangensteen, O.H.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Cross FS, Wangensteen OH. Role of bile and pancreatic juice in production of esophageal erosions and anemia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1957; 77: 862-6."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"190","article-title":"Esophagitis following total gastrectomy","volume":"118","author":"Helsinger, N.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Helsinger N. Esophagitis following total gastrectomy. Acta Chir Scand 1959; 118: 190-201.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"161","key":"ref_23","first-page":"927","article-title":"Subacute erosive esophagitis associated with achlorhydria","volume":"1960","author":"Palmer, E.D.","unstructured":"Palmer ED. Subacute erosive esophagitis associated with achlorhydria. NEnglJffMed 1960; 161: 927-9.","journal-title":"NEnglJffMed"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"728","article-title":"Safaie-Shirazi 5, DenBesten L, Ziek WO. Effect of bile salts on the ionic permeability of the esophageal mucosa and their role","volume-title":"the production of esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1975","volume":"68","unstructured":"Safaie-Shirazi 5, DenBesten L, Ziek WO. Effect of bile salts on the ionic permeability of the esophageal mucosa and their role in the production of esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1975; 68: 728-33."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902093200606","article-title":"Tissue destruction by neutrophils","volume":"320","author":"Weiss, S.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weiss SJ. Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 365-76.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease. A radical view","volume":"34","author":"Simmonds, N.J.; Rampton, D.S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Simmonds NJ, Rampton DS. Inflammatory bowel disease. A radical view. Gut 1993; 34: 1174-80.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(92)90057-7","article-title":"Free radicals and other reactive oxygen metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease: cause, consequence or epiphenomenon","volume":"53","author":"Harris, M.I.; Schiller, H.J.; Reilly, P.M.; Donowitz, M.; Grisham, M.B.; Bulkley, G.B.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harris MI, Schiller HJ, Reilly PM, Donowitz M, Grisham MB, Bulkley GB. Free radicals and other reactive oxygen metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease: cause, consequence or epiphenomenon. Pharmacol Ther 1992; 53: 375-408.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.7.786","article-title":"Role of reactive metabolites in experimental colitis","volume":"31","author":"Keshavarzian, A.; Morgan, G.; Sedghi, S.; Gordon, J.H.; Doria, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Keshavarzian A, Morgan G, Sedghi S, Gordon JH, Doria M. Role of reactive metabolites in experimental colitis. Gut 1990; 31: 786-90.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"798","article-title":"Role of oxygen radicals in esophageal mucosal injury","volume":"35","author":"Stein, B.E.; Grenwald, L.L.; Carroll, M.A.; Hodgeson, J.B.; Rosenthal, W.S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stein BE, Grenwald LL, Carroll MA, Hodgeson JB, Rosenthal WS. Role of oxygen radicals in esophageal mucosal injury. Clin Res 1987; 35: 798A.","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.39.2.736-741.1983","article-title":"Role of myeloperoxidase in luminol dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils","volume":"39","author":"Dahlgren, C, Stendahl 0","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dahlgren C, Stendahl 0. Role of myeloperoxidase in luminol dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils. Infect Immun 1983; 39: 736-41.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1589","article-title":"Mechanism of the luminoldependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils","volume":"129","author":"Dechatelet, L.R.; Long, G.D.; Shirley, P.S.; Bass, D.A.; Thomas, M.J.; Henderson, F.W.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dechatelet LR, Long GD, Shirley PS, Bass DA, Thomas MJ, Henderson FW, et al. Mechanism of the luminoldependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils. lImmunol 1982; 129: 1589-93.","journal-title":"lImmunol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106718","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide utilization in myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes: a possible microbicidal control mechanism","volume":"50","author":"Klebanoff, S.J.; Pincus, S.H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Klebanoff SJ, Pincus SH. Hydrogen peroxide utilization in myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes: a possible microbicidal control mechanism. Jf Clin Invest 1971; 50: 2226-9.","journal-title":"Jf Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"163","article-title":"Histological consequences of gastroesophageal","volume-title":"reflux in man. Gastroenterology 1970","volume":"58","author":"Ismail-Beigi, F.; Horton, P.F.; CE, II, Pope","unstructured":"Ismail-Beigi F, Horton PF, Pope CE II. Histological consequences of gastroesophageal reflux in man. Gastroenterology 1970; 58: 163-74."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072693","article-title":"Esophageal epithelial response to gastroesophageal reflux. A quantitative study","volume":"23","author":"Johnson, L.F.; DeMeester, T.R.; Haggitt, R.C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Johnson LF, DeMeester TR, Haggitt RC. Esophageal epithelial response to gastroesophageal reflux. A quantitative study. Dig Dis Sci 1978; 23: 498-609.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"58","article-title":"Nitroreductases and glutathione transferases that act on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and their differential induction by butylated hydroxyanisole in mice","volume":"52","author":"Stanley, J.S.; York, J.L.; Benson, A.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stanley JS, York JL, Benson AM. Nitroreductases and glutathione transferases that act on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and their differential induction by butylated hydroxyanisole in mice. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 58-63.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"2855","volume-title":"Mutagenicity of oxygen-free radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","volume":"79","author":"Moody, C.S.; Hassan, H.M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Moody CS, Hassan HM. Mutagenicity of oxygen-free radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982; 79: 2855-9."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.37.2.168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:00:31Z","timestamp":1765609231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.37.2.168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.37.2.168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.37.2.168","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}}}