{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T10:57:28Z","timestamp":1765623448385,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.3.441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"441-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A possible role for antibodies to tumour necrosis factor alpha and to endotoxin in the treatment of Reye's syndrome."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Odeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)90554-3","article-title":"Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera: a disease entity in childhood","volume":"ii:","author":"Reye, B.D.K.; Morgan, G.; Baral, J.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Reye BDK, Morgan G, Baral J. Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera: a disease entity in childhood. Lancet 1963; ii: 749-51.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070130","article-title":"Reye's syndrome: current concepts","volume":"7","author":"Heubi, J.E.; Partin, J.C.; Partin, J.S.; Schubert, W.K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Heubi JE, Partin JC, Partin JS, Schubert WK. Reye's syndrome: current concepts. Hepatology 1987; 7: 155-64.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31058-2","article-title":"Reye syndrome","volume":"3","author":"DeVivo, D.C.","year":"1985","unstructured":"DeVivo DC. Reye syndrome. Neurol Clin N Am 1985; 3: 95-115.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"859","article-title":"Reye's syndrome and salicylate use","volume":"66","author":"Starko, K.M.; Ray, C.G.; Dominguez, L.B.; Stromberg, W.L.; Woodall, D.F.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Starko KM, Ray CG, Dominguez LB, Stromberg WL, Woodall DF. Reye's syndrome and salicylate use. Pediatrics 1980; 66: 859-64.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"68","article-title":"Biochemical manifestations of Reye syndrome: the role of aspirin","volume-title":"and toxic effects of aspirin","author":"Kilpatrick, L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kilpatrick L. Biochemical manifestations of Reye syndrome: the role of aspirin. In: Feinman SE, ed. Beneficial and toxic effects of aspirin. 1st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1994: 68-76.","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92553-2","article-title":"Possible pathogenic role of endotoxin in Reye's syndrome","volume":"i:","author":"Cooperstock, M.S.; Tucker, R.P.; Baubles, J.V.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cooperstock MS, Tucker RP, Baubles JV. Possible pathogenic role of endotoxin in Reye's syndrome. Lancet 1975; i: 1272-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.47.1.329-331.1985","article-title":"Metabolic and mitochondrial morphological changes that mimic Reye syndrome after endotoxin administration to rats","volume":"47","author":"Yoder, M.C.; Egler, J.M.; Yudkoff, M.; Chatten, J.; Douglas, S.D.; Polin, R.A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Yoder MC, Egler JM, Yudkoff M, Chatten J, Douglas SD, Polin RA. Metabolic and mitochondrial morphological changes that mimic Reye syndrome after endotoxin administration to rats. Infect Immun 1985; 47: 329-31.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"381","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced changes in nitrogen metabolism","volume":"53","author":"Kilpatrick-Smith, L.; Yoder, M.C.; Polin, R.A.; Douglas, S.D.; Erecinska, M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kilpatrick-Smith L, Yoder MC, Polin RA, Douglas SD, Erecinska M. Endotoxin-induced changes in nitrogen metabolism. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1986; 53: 381-98.","journal-title":"Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3764421","article-title":"Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin","volume":"234","author":"Tracey, K.J.; Beutler, B.; Lowry, S.F.; Merryweather, J.; Wolpe, S.; Milsark, I.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tracey KJ, Beutler B, Lowry SF, Merryweather J, Wolpe S, Milsark IW, et al. Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin. Science 1986; 234: 470-4.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3895437","article-title":"Passive immunization against cachectin\/tumor recrosis factor protects mice from lethal effects of endotoxin","volume":"229","author":"Beutler, B.; Milsark, I.W.; Cerami, A.C.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beutler B, Milsark IW, Cerami AC. Passive immunization against cachectin\/tumor recrosis factor protects mice from lethal effects of endotoxin. Science 1985; 229: 869-71.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/330662a0","article-title":"Anti-cachectin\/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteremia","volume":"330","author":"Tracey, K.J.; Fong, Y.; Hesse, D.G.; Manogue, K.R.; Lee, A.T.; Kuo, G.C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tracey KJ, Fong Y, Hesse DG, Manogue KR, Lee AT, Kuo GC, et al. Anti-cachectin\/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteremia. Nature 1987; 330: 662-4.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.3.413","article-title":"Cachectin: a hormone that triggers acute shock and chronic cachexia","volume":"157","author":"Tracey, K.J.; Lowry, S.F.; Cerami, A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tracey KJ, Lowry SF, Cerami A. Cachectin: a hormone that triggers acute shock and chronic cachexia. J Infect Dis 1988; 157: 413-20.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(18)30441-X","article-title":"Cachectin in tissue injury, shock, and related states","volume":"5","author":"Beutler, B.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Beutler B. Cachectin in tissue injury, shock, and related states. Crit Care Clin 1989; 5: 353-67.","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91947-1","article-title":"Is Reye's syndrome caused by augmented release of tumor necrosis factor?","volume":"ii:","author":"Larrick, J.W.; Kunkel, S.L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Larrick JW, Kunkel SL. Is Reye's syndrome caused by augmented release of tumor necrosis factor? Lancet 1986; ii: 132-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/320584a0","article-title":"Cachectin and tumor necrosis factor as two sides of the same biologic coin","volume":"320","author":"Beutler, B.; Cerami, A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Beutler B, Cerami A. Cachectin and tumor necrosis factor as two sides of the same biologic coin. Nature 1986; 320: 584-8.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"99","article-title":"Cachectin: a pluripotent hormone released during the host response to invasion","volume":"43","author":"Cerami, A.; Tracey, K.J.; Lowry, S.F.; Beutler, B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cerami A, Tracey KJ, Lowry SF, Beutler B. Cachectin: a pluripotent hormone released during the host response to invasion. Recent Prog Hormn Res 1987; 43: 99-112.","journal-title":"Recent Prog Hormn Res"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"234","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1: A possible role for antibodies to tumour necrosis factor a and to endotoxin in the treatment of Reye's syndrome cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities","volume":"56","author":"Le, J.; Vilcek, J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Le J, Vilcek J. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1: A possible role for antibodies to tumour necrosis factor a and to endotoxin in the treatment of Reye's syndrome cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities. Lab Invest 1987; 56: 234-48.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"3666","article-title":"An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes","volume-title":"necrosis of tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci","volume":"72","author":"Carswell, E.A.; Old, U.; Kassel, F.L.; Green, S.; Fiore, N.; Williamson, B.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Carswell EA, Old U, Kassel FL, Green S, Fiore N, Williamson B. An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975; 72: 3666-70."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"479","article-title":"Cachectin: more than a tumor necrosis factor","volume":"316","author":"Beutler, B.; Cerami, A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beutler B, Cerami A. Cachectin: more than a tumor necrosis factor. N EnglJ_7Med 1987; 316: 479-85.","journal-title":"N EnglJ_7Med"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor","volume":"ii:","author":"Tracey, K.J.; Vlassara, H.; Cerami, A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tracey KJ, Vlassara H, Cerami A. Cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor. Lancet 1989; ii: 1122-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"415","article-title":"Cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor induces lethal shock and stress hormone response in the dog","volume":"164","author":"Tracy, K.J.; Lowry, S.F.; Fahey, T.J.; Albert, J.D.; Fong, Y.; Hesse, D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tracy KJ, Lowry SF, Fahey TJ, Albert JD, Fong Y, Hesse D, et al. Cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor induces lethal shock and stress hormone response in the dog. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1987; 164: 415-22.","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.3.1448","article-title":"Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha infusion mimics endotoxemia in awake sheep","volume":"66","author":"Johnson, J.; Meyrcik, B.; Jesmok, G.; Brigham, K.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Johnson J, Meyrcik B, Jesmok G, Brigham KL. Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha infusion mimics endotoxemia in awake sheep. J Appl Physiol 1989; 66: 1448-54.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.3.823","article-title":"Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor challenges in dogs simulate the cardiovascular profile of human septic shock","volume":"169","author":"Natanson, C.; Eichenholz, P.W.; Danner, R.L.; Eichacker, P.Q.; Hoffman, W.D.; Kuo, G.C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Natanson C, Eichenholz PW, Danner RL, Eichacker PQ, Hoffman WD, Kuo GC, et al. Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor challenges in dogs simulate the cardiovascular profile of human septic shock. J Exp Med 1989; 169: 823-32.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"527","article-title":"The effects of bacterial endotoxins on host mediation systems","volume":"93","author":"Morrison, D.C.; Ulevitch, R.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Morrison DC, Ulevitch RJ. The effects of bacterial endotoxins on host mediation systems. A review. Am J Pathol 1978; 93: 527-610.","journal-title":"A review. Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(89)90183-2","article-title":"Hepatic metabolic alterations in rats treated with low-dose endotoxin and aspirin: an animal model of Reye's syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Kilpatrick, L.E.; Polin, R.A.; Douglas, S.D.; Corkey, B.E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kilpatrick LE, Polin RA, Douglas SD, Corkey BE. Hepatic metabolic alterations in rats treated with low-dose endotoxin and aspirin: an animal model of Reye's syndrome. Metabolism 1989; 38: 73-7.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"221","article-title":"Serum acid proteolytic activity in Reye syndrome","volume":"i:","author":"Douglas, S.D.; Kilpatrick-Smith, L.; Polin, R.A.; Kolski, G.B.; Levy, Y.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Douglas SD, Kilpatrick-Smith L, Polin RA, Kolski GB, Levy Y. Serum acid proteolytic activity in Reye syndrome. Lancet 1987; i: 221.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"778","article-title":"Ca2+ responses to interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor in cultured human skin fibroblasts: possible implication for Reye's syndrome. J7 Clin Invest","volume":"87","author":"Corkey, B.E.; Geschurind, J.F.; Deeney, J.T.; Hale, D.E.; Douglas, S.D.; Kilpatric, L.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Corkey BE, Geschurind JF, Deeney JT, Hale DE, Douglas SD, Kilpatric L. Ca2+ responses to interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor in cultured human skin fibroblasts: possible implication for Reye's syndrome. J7 Clin Invest 1991; 87: 778-86."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180519","article-title":"Circulating interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor antagonists in liver disease","volume":"18","author":"Tilg, H.; Vogel, W.; Wiedermann, C.J.; Shapiro, L.; Herold, M.; Judmaier, G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tilg H, Vogel W, Wiedermann CJ, Shapiro L, Herold M, Judmaier G, et al. Circulating interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor antagonists in liver disease. Hepatology 1993; 18: 1132-8.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199409000-00016","article-title":"Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-a in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"19","author":"Odeh, M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Odeh M. Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-a in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 19: 146-53.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"539","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitis hepatocyte mitochondrial respiration","volume":"216","author":"Stadler, J.; Bentz, B.G.; Harbrecht, B.G.; Di Silvio, M.; Curran, R.D.; Billiar, T.R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stadler J, Bentz BG, Harbrecht BG, Di Silvio M, Curran RD, Billiar TR, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitis hepatocyte mitochondrial respiration. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 539-46."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.7.2494-2498.1991","article-title":"Roles of interleukin-l and tumor necrosis factor in lipopolysaccharide-induced hypoglyocaemia","volume":"59","author":"Vogel, S.N.; Henricson, B.E.; Neta, R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vogel SN, Henricson BE, Neta R. Roles of interleukin-l and tumor necrosis factor in lipopolysaccharide-induced hypoglyocaemia. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 2494-8.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"111","article-title":"Glucose kinetics in rats infused with endotoxin-induced monokines or tumour necrosis factor","volume":"24","author":"Bagby, G.L.; Lang, C.H.; Hargrove, D.M.; Thompson, J.J.; Wilson, L.A.; Spitzen, J.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bagby GL, Lang CH, Hargrove DM, Thompson JJ, Wilson LA, Spitzen JJ. Glucose kinetics in rats infused with endotoxin-induced monokines or tumour necrosis factor. Circ Shock 1988; 24: 111-21.","journal-title":"Circ Shock"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"45","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor: immunologic, antitumor, metabolic, and cardiovascular activities","volume":"35","author":"Grunfelt, C.; Palladino, M.A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Grunfelt C, Palladino MA. Tumor necrosis factor: immunologic, antitumor, metabolic, and cardiovascular activities. Adv Intern Med 1990; 35: 45-72.","journal-title":"Adv Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.2.421","article-title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-a in experimental gram-negative shock","volume":"162","author":"Silva, A.T.; Bayston, K.F.; Cohen, J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Silva AT, Bayston KF, Cohen J. Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-a in experimental gram-negative shock. J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 421-7.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199102143240701","article-title":"Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-iH human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The HA-lA Sepsis Study Group","volume":"324","author":"Ziegler, E.J.; CJ, Jr, Fisher; Sprung, C.L.; Straube, R.C.; SadoffJC, Foulke; G.E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ziegler EJ, Fisher CJ Jr, Sprung CL, Straube RC, SadoffJC, Foulke GE, et al. Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-iH human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The HA-lA Sepsis Study Group. N Engl Jt Med 1991; 324: 429-36.","journal-title":"N Engl Jt Med"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"711","article-title":"Monoclonal anti-endotoxin antibodies for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock. EurJ7 Clin Microbiol","volume":"9","author":"Baumgartner, J.D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Baumgartner JD. Monoclonal anti-endotoxin antibodies for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock. EurJ7 Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9: 711-6.","journal-title":"Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_37","first-page":"11","article-title":"Role of monoclonal antibody therapy in the treatment of infectious disease","volume":"47","author":"Chmel, H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chmel H. Role of monoclonal antibody therapy in the treatment of infectious disease. Am J Hosp Pharm 1990; 47 (suppl 3): S11-5.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199012000-00001","article-title":"Initial evaluation of human monoclonal anti-lipid A antibody (HA-lA) in patients with sepsis syndrome","volume":"18","author":"CJ, Jr, Fisher; J, Zimmerman; MB, Khazaeli; TE, Albertson; RP, Dellinger; EA, Panacek","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fisher CJ Jr, Zimmerman J, Khazaeli MB, Albertson TE, Dellinger RP, Panacek EA, et al. Initial evaluation of human monoclonal anti-lipid A antibody (HA-lA) in patients with sepsis syndrome. Grit Care Med 1990; 18: 1311-5.","journal-title":"Grit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.37.3.441","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T10:56:08Z","timestamp":1765623368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.37.3.441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.37.3.441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.37.3.441","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}}}