{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T15:15:32Z","timestamp":1765638932769,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A stop codon in the precore genome of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in anti-HBe positive HBV carriers may be associated with a more progressive form of HBV infection. Earlier studies, however, were mainly performed in patients from the Mediterranean area who had severe infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of precore mutants in an unselected population living in northern Europe. Twenty of 42 of these patients are infected predominantly with a virus strain, which has the typical stop codon in the precore genome, characterised by a mutation at base 83. In six patients there was an additional G to A mutation at base 86 of the precore genome. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the patients with or without a stop codon in the precore genome. When patients with a double mutation at base 83 and 86 of the precore genome were compared with the other anti-HBe positive HBV carriers, however, the corresponding clinical data were worse. Therefore we suggest, that it is not the stop codon in the precore gene itself, but the occurrence of a double mutation at bases 83 and 86, which is associated with a more severe course of disease in anti-HBe positive HBV carriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.4.568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"568-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Clinical relevance of mutations in the precore genome of the hepatitis B virus."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Tillmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Trautwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Michitaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kubicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"B\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Manns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"656","article-title":"Analysis of liver disease, nuclear HBcAg, viral replication, and hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum of HBeAg vs anti-HBe positive carriers of hepatitis B virus","volume":"3","author":"Hydziannis, S.J.; Liebermann, H.M.; Karvountzis, G.G.; Shafritz, D.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hydziannis SJ, Liebermann HM, Karvountzis GG, Shafritz DA. 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Disturbed synthesis and secretion of e antigen from hepatocytes due to a point mutation in the precore region","volume":"99","author":"Akahane, Y.; Yamanaka, T.; Suzuki, H.; Sugai, Y.; Tsuda, F.; Yotsumoto, S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Akahane Y, Yamanaka T, Suzuki H, Sugai Y, Tsuda F, Yotsumoto S, et al. Chronic active hepatitis with hepatitis B virus DNA and antibody against e antigen in the serum. Disturbed synthesis and secretion of e antigen from hepatocytes due to a point mutation in the precore region. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 1113-9.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(90)90030-U","article-title":"Active hepatitis B viral replication in the presence of anti-HBe is associated with viral variants containing an inactive precore region","volume":"176","author":"Tong, S.; Li, J.; Vitvitski, L.; Trepo, C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tong S, Li J, Vitvitski L, Trepo C. Active hepatitis B viral replication in the presence of anti-HBe is associated with viral variants containing an inactive precore region. Virology 1990; 176: 596-603.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90101-4","article-title":"Precore mutant hepatitis B virus infection and liver disease","volume":"102","author":"Naoumov, N.V.; Schneider, R.; Grotzinger, T.; Jung, M.C.; Miska, S.; Pape, G.R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Naoumov NV, Schneider R, Grotzinger T, Jung MC, Miska S, Pape GR, et al. Precore mutant hepatitis B virus infection and liver disease. 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