{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T04:32:50Z","timestamp":1765081970504,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1963,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The relation between ammonia intoxication and liver disease is not clear. Ammonia appears to be relatively non-toxic to normal individuals, whereas some patients with liver disease appear to be exquisitely sensitive to dietary protein, ammonia-releasing substances, and ammonium salts. In an attempt to elucidate this relationship the intravenous LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of ammonium chloride was determined in both normal mice and in those with liver disease produced by a variety of means. Parenchymal damage was created by acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication, a low-protein, lipotrope-deficient diet, and mouse hepatitis virus. Mice in which the portal vein had been partially ligated and those infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    developed portal-systemic collateral circulation. Groups of these mice were placed on high-protein diets and ammonia drinking water for periods as long as two months. A combination of both parenchymal damage and collateral circulation was induced in mice either by bile duct ligation or by a combination of schistosomiasis and acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication. When the above groups of mice with liver disease were compared with normal control mice in the same weight range, the LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of ammonium chloride showed no striking change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.4.1.20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"20-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Liver disease and ammonia intoxication"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Schenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1963,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1961.41.3.607","article-title":"The animal with an Eck fistula","volume":"41","author":"Bollman, J.L.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Bollman, J. L. (1961). The animal with an Eck fistula. Physiol. Rev., 41, 607-621.","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1950.10483350","article-title":"Some new aspects of the application of maximum likelihood to the calculation of the dosage response curve","volume":"45","author":"Cornfield, J.; N, Mantel","year":"1950","unstructured":"Cornfield, J., and Mantel N. (1950). Some new aspects of the application of maximum likelihood to the calculation of the dosage response curve. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc., 45, 181-210.","journal-title":"J. Amer. Statist. Assoc"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700640107","article-title":"The portal circulation in experimental cirrhosis of the liver","volume":"64","author":"Daniel, P.M.; Prichard, M.M.L.; Reynell, P.C.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Daniel, P. M., Prichard, M. M. L., and Reynell, P. C. (1952). The portal circulation in experimental cirrhosis of the liver. J. Path. Bact., 64, 53-60.","journal-title":"J. Path. Bact"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref_4","first-page":"205","article-title":"An evaluation of ammonia intoxication in normal dogs and in dogs having a portacaval anastomosis","volume":"1954","author":"DeRiemer, R.H.; Hine, D.E.; Harper, H.A.","year":"1955","unstructured":"DeRiemer, R. H., Hine, D. E., and Harper, H. A. (1955). An evaluation of ammonia intoxication in normal dogs and in dogs having a portacaval anastomosis. Surg. Forum 1954, 5, 205-210.","journal-title":"Surg. Forum"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1959.8.440","article-title":"Hepato-splenic schistosomiasis in mice","volume":"8","author":"DeWitt, W.B.; Warren, K.S.","year":"1959","unstructured":"DeWitt, W. B., and Warren, K. S. (1959). Hepato-splenic schistosomiasis in mice. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 8, 440-446.","journal-title":"Amer. J. trop. Med. 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Invest"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01966135","article-title":"Oeber den Ammoniakgehalt des Blutes und der Organe und die Harnstoffbildung bei den Saugethieren","volume":"37","author":"Nencki, M.; Pawlow, J.P.; Zaleski, J.","year":"1896","unstructured":"Nencki, M., Pawlow, J. P., and Zaleski, J. (1896). Oeber den Ammoniakgehalt des Blutes und der Organe und die Harnstoffbildung bei den Saugethieren. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 37, 26-51.","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"748","article-title":"Hepatic coma following ischemia of the liver","volume":"97","author":"Rappaport, A.M.; Macdonald, M.H.; Borowy, Z.J.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Rappaport, A. M., Macdonald, M. H., and Borowy, Z. J. (1953). Hepatic coma following ischemia of the liver. Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 97, 748-762.","journal-title":"Surg. Gynec. 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