{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T04:36:17Z","timestamp":1773203777770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014The role of acid and pepsin in causing symptoms and oesophagitis is well established; however, the significance of duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux (DGOR) in this disorder is unclear.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aims<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To understand the role of acid and DGOR in causing upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and oesophageal mucosal injury in partial gastrectomy (PG) patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Thirty two PG patients with upper GI symptoms were studied. Twenty four hour ambulatory acid and bilirubin measurements were obtained with Bilitec 2000 using glass electrode and fibreoptic sensor. Upper GI symptoms and oesophagitis were correlated with either acid or DGOR.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014The PG patients were a heterogeneous group: 28% (9\/32) had mixed reflux (acid+\/DGOR+); 50% (16\/32) had only DGOR (acid\u2212\/DGOR+); and 22% (7\/32) had neither (acid\u2212\/DGOR\u2212). Upper GI symptoms were associated with both mixed reflux (69%) and DGOR (24%). Six patients (67%) in the acid+\/DGOR+ group had oesophagitis; no acid\u2212\/DGOR+ or acid\u2212\/DGOR\u2212 patients had oesophagitis. Mixed reflux showed a significant (p&lt;0.0001) association with oesophagitis, while DGOR did not (p=0.3).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014(1) The majority of upper GI symptoms and all cases of oesophagitis in the PG patients occurred in patients who had mixed refluxate (acid and DGOR); (2) DGOR without simultaneous acid reflux may cause symptoms, but was not associated with oesophagitis in this patient group.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.3.297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"297-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Contribution of acid and duodenogastrooesophageal reflux to oesophageal mucosal injury and symptoms in partial gastrectomy patients"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"M F","family":"Vaezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Gastroenterology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, \n\nbDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J E","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Gastroenterology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, \n\nbDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.10.1093"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.12.1577"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.5.545"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(69)80121-6","article-title":"Role of acid and pepsin in acute experimental esophagitis.","volume":"56","author":"Goldberg","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90156-6"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1984.12005823","article-title":"Contribution of trypsin and cholate to the pathogenesis of experimental alkaline reflux esophagitis.","volume":"19","author":"Salo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01307977"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.8","first-page":"280","article-title":"Effect of bile salts and related compounds on isolated esophageal mucosa.","volume":"87","author":"Kivilaakso","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800711011"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198710000-00004","article-title":"The significance of gastric bile reflux seen at endoscopy.","volume":"9","author":"Nasrallah","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.11","first-page":"796","article-title":"Clinical value of endoscopy and histology in the diagnosis of duodenogastric reflux disease.","volume":"112","author":"Stein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-198705000-00011"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90130-2","article-title":"Do bile acids reflux into the esophagus? A study in normal subjects and patients with GERD.","volume":"92","author":"Mittal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(78)90093-4","article-title":"Alkaline gastroesophageal reflux.","volume":"75","author":"Pellegrini","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.3.309"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.16","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Salivary stimulation mimics esophageal exposure to refluxed duodenal contents.","volume":"88","author":"Devault","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537239"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90123-6"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(95)80015-8"},{"key":"2025120523201525000_41.3.297.20","unstructured":"Marshall REK, Anggiansah A, Owen WA, Owen WJ. 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