{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:33:41Z","timestamp":1770824021224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Intestinal metaplasia, whether in the cardia or the distal oesophagus, has been uniformly defined as specialised columnar epithelium, suggesting a relation with Barrett\u2019s oesophagus. It is, however, not clear whether the risk factors associated with intestinal metaplasia are identical at both sites.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aims<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To investigate biopsy specimens obtained below the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) in relation to endoscopic aspect, gastric histology, and clinical presentation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Patients and methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014In 423 patients investigated the endoscopic aspect of the SCJ was classified as unremarkable (group I, n=315) or suggestive of Barrett\u2019s oesophagus (group II, n=108). Standardised biopsy specimens from the antrum, corpus, and directly below the SCJ were investigated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Intestinal metaplasia was detected at the SCJ in 13.4% of group I patients, where it was significantly associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia (odds ratio (OR) 6.96; confidence interval (CI) 2.48 to 19.54) and\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (OR 7.85; CI 2.82 to 21.85), and in 34.3% of group II patients where it was significantly associated with reflux symptoms (OR 19.98; CI 6.12 to 65.19), erosive oesophagitis (OR 12.16; CI 3.86 to 38.24), and male sex (OR 6.25, CI 2.16 to 18.14), but not with\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    or gastric intestinal metaplasia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014This study suggests that the pathogenesis of intestinal metaplasia at the SCJ is not uniform: at an endoscopically unremarkable SCJ it is a sequela of\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    gastritis, but coexisting with endoscopic features of Barrett\u2019s oesophagus it is associated with male sex and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"17-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Intestinal metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction:\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    gastritis or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Hackelsberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, \n\nbDepartment of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, \n\nbDepartment of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Schultze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, \n\nbDepartment of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, 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