{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:41:23Z","timestamp":1789422083258,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\u2014<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> urease is a major target for immune responses among various bacterial components in <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>infected patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Aims<\/jats:italic>\u2014To analyse the relation between systemic and local humoral immune responses to<jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> urease and grades of chronic gastritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Patients<\/jats:italic>\u2014Seventy five patients with chronic gastritis associated with <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>infection were classified into three groups (grade I, superficial gastritis; II, atrophic gastritis, quiescent; or III, atrophic gastritis, active).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\u2014Anti-<jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> urease specific antibodies in the serum, gastric juice, and biopsy specimens were determined by ELISA or western blotting analysis. The sites for <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> urease and its specific antibody producing B lymphocytes were confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\u2014In the sera of patients with grade I gastritis, weak IgG but relatively strong IgA responses to<jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> urease were observed; dominant strong IgG responses were detected in grade II gastritis. In grade III gastritis, significant IgG and IgA responses were obtained. A similar pattern of IgA and IgG responses was detected in gastric juice and tissue. <jats:italic>H pylori <\/jats:italic>urease specific, antibody producing B cells were not found in the gastric mucosa of patients with grade I gastritis despite the presence of such B cells in the duodenal bulb. Specific B cells were observed in the gastric mucosa of patients with grade II and III gastritis with atrophy.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\u2014Purified<jats:italic>H pylori <\/jats:italic>urease, together with localisation of its specific antibody producing B cells, are useful for serological testing and histopathological analysis for determining the stage of chronic gastritis and studying the pathogenesis of<jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.2.168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"168-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Systemic and local immune responses against<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> urease in patients with chronic gastritis: distinct IgA and IgG productive sites"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Futagami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aThird Department of Internal Medicine, \n\nbDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aThird Department of Internal Medicine, \n\nbDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Norose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aThird Department of Internal Medicine, \n\nbDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aThird Department of Internal Medicine, \n\nbDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)91028-6"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1991.tb01451.x"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.2.196"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.3.341"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115095"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.6","first-page":"2202","article-title":"Analysis of immune response to Helicobacter pylori: identification of the protein recognized by anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies from sera of patients with gastroduodenal diseases","volume":"91","author":"Futagami","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jpn J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-133-1-163"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91827-2","article-title":"Campylobacter pylori urease: a new serological test.","volume":"i","author":"Dent","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.3.586"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.7.2470-2475.1991","article-title":"Essential role of urease in pathogenesis of gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori in gnotobiotic piglets.","volume":"59","author":"Eaton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3604","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.9.3604-3607.1994","article-title":"Effect of gastric pH on urease-dependent colonization of gnotobiotic piglets by Helicobacter pylori.","volume":"62","author":"Eaton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025090713224276000_43.2.168.12","unstructured":"Misiewicz JJ Tytgat G Goodwin CS (1989) The Sydney system: a new classification of gastritis. 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