{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T13:33:05Z","timestamp":1773408785002,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation may play a role in villus atrophy in coeliac disease (CD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the cellular expression of mRNA transcripts for the two major matrix degrading proteases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3, their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and procollagen I in the intestinal mucosa of patients with untreated and treated CD and normal controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Duodenal biopsy specimens from ten untreated CD patients, from six of these after a gluten free diet, and from ten control patients were hybridised with\n                      <jats:sup>35<\/jats:sup>\n                      S-labelled RNA probes. The number of positive cells in the subepithelial region and lamina propria were counted microscopically.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The numbers of cells positive for MMP-1 (p&lt;0.005), MMP-3 (p&lt;0.01), and TIMP-1 (p&lt;0.05) mRNA were higher in the subepithelial region of CD mucosa than in that from controls. In the lamina propria, only cells positive for MMP-1 mRNA were increased in CD patients compared with controls (p&lt;0.01). MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression returned to normal in CD patients after treatment with a gluten free diet (p&lt;0.05), while TIMP-1 mRNA expression remained elevated. The number of procollagen I mRNA expressing cells did not change. Expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA was mainly localised to subepithelial fibroblasts and macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The decreased ratio of collagen I and TIMP-1 mRNA expressing cells to MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expressing cells in untreated CD suggests a shift towards ECM degradation. ECM degradation by activated subepithelial fibroblasts and macrophages may be an important mechanism driving mucosal transformation in CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"17-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Increased expression of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Daum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany, \n\nbInstitute of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany, \n\nbInstitute of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H-D","family":"Foss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany, \n\nbInstitute of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Schuppan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany, \n\nbInstitute of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany, \n\nbInstitute of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E-O","family":"Riecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany, \n\nbInstitute of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany, \n\nbInstitute of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.1","first-page":"163","article-title":"The morphology and immunopathology of the jejunal lesion in gluten-sensitivity.","volume":"3","author":"Marsh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230231"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.1.187"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.4.1341"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.5","first-page":"279","article-title":"The role of interferon \u03b1\/\u03b2 in the induction of intestinal pathology in mice.","volume":"74","author":"Garside","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.6","first-page":"18","article-title":"Antibodies to IFN-\u03b3 prevent immunologically mediated intestinal damage in murine graft versus host reaction.","volume":"68","author":"Mowat","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.7","first-page":"110","article-title":"A role for interleukin-1\u03b1 in immunologically mediated intestinal pathology.","volume":"80","author":"Mowat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.5.1280"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.52"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.10.1398"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.6.766"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.12","first-page":"667","article-title":"Time\/dose responses of coeliac mucosae to graded oral challenges with Frazer\u2019s fraction III of gliadin.","volume":"4","author":"Marsh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.4.1582","article-title":"A major role for matrix metalloproteinases in T cell injury in the gut.","volume":"158","author":"Pender","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.8.4098","article-title":"A p55 receptor immunoadhesin prevents T cell-mediated intestinal injury by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase production.","volume":"160","author":"Pender","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240530404"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8566579"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.162.6.2163"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.10.3549","article-title":"Clonal analysis of murine graft-vs-host disease. II. Leukokines that stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in graft-vs.-host disease.","volume":"136","author":"DeClerck","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.1.18"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-85452-1_120","article-title":"Kollagentypen und mononukle\u00e4re Zellen in der D\u00fcnndarmschleimhaut: Lokalisation bei Gesunden und Patienten mit Sprue.","volume":"83","author":"Hein","year":"1977","journal-title":"Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Innere Medizin"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(95)80116-2"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.8.1850705"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.23","first-page":"185","article-title":"Hinweise f\u00fcr einen differenten Kollagenmetabolismus bei Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa.","volume":"88","author":"Matthes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Klin"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.24","first-page":"519","article-title":"Enhanced expression of matrilysin, collagenase, and stromelysin-1 in gastrointestinal ulcers.","volume":"148","author":"Saarialho-Kere","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90411-8"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90087-F"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(90)90126-Q"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.21.8207"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.8.909"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.30","first-page":"1647","article-title":"Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 RNA expression in rat and human liver fibrosis.","volume":"150","author":"Herbst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03799.x","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor and oncogenes induce transcription of the same cellular mRNA in rat fibroblasts.","volume":"4","author":"Matrisian","year":"1985","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100117"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schuppan D, Riecken EO. Molecules of the extracellular matrix: potential role of collagens and glycoproteins in intestinal adaptation.Digestion 1990;46(suppl):2\u201311. .","DOI":"10.1159\/000200360"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90821-H","article-title":"Basement membrane components are potent promoters of rat intestinal epithelial cell differentiation in vitro.","volume":"98","author":"Hahn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70136-2"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.36","first-page":"104","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor.","volume":"5","author":"Gifford","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microbiol Sci"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1993.4","article-title":"Multiple levels of post-transcriptional regulation of collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 1) in an epithelial cell line.","volume":"71","author":"Whitelock","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.38","first-page":"528","article-title":"Differential expression of matrix-metalloproteinase-1 and -2 genes in normal and fibrotic human liver.","volume":"144","author":"Milani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)89475-3","article-title":"Biosynthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases by human fibroblasts in culture.","volume":"260","author":"Murphy","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025121221022236000_44.1.17.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90765-8","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid and type II procollagen peptide in jejunal perfusion fluid as markers of connective tissue turnover.","volume":"96","author":"Colombel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.44.1.17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:02:32Z","timestamp":1765602152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.44.1.17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.44.1.17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.44.1.17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]}}}