{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T13:11:45Z","timestamp":1765631505917,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients on total parenteral nutrition have an increased risk of developing gallstones because of gall bladder hypomotility. High dose amino acids may prevent biliary stasis by stimulating gall bladder emptying.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether intravenous amino acids also influence antroduodenal motility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight healthy volunteers received, on three separate occasions, intravenous saline (control), low dose amino acids (LDA), or high dose amino acids (HDA). Antroduodenal motility was recorded by perfusion manometry and duodenocaecal transit time (DCTT) using the lactulose breath hydrogen test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DCTT was significantly prolonged during LDA and HDA treatment compared with control. The interdigestive motor pattern was maintained and migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle length was significantly reduced during HDA compared with control and LDA due to a significant reduction in phase II duration. Significantly fewer phase IIIs originated in the gastric antrum during LDA and HDA compared with control. Duodenal phase II motility index was significantly reduced during HDA, but not during LDA, compared with control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Separate intravenous infusion of high doses of amino acids in healthy volunteers: (1) modulates interdigestive antroduodenal motility; (2) shortens MMC cycle length due to a reduced duration of phase II with a lower contractile incidence both in the antrum and duodenum (phase I remains unchanged whereas the effect on phase III is diverse: in the antrum phase III is suppressed and in the duodenum the frequency is increased); and (3) prolongs interdigestive DCTT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.2.240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"240-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of intravenous amino acids on interdigestive antroduodenal motility and small bowel transit time"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"H A J","family":"Gielkens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology- Hepatology,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"van den Biggelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology- Hepatology,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Vecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology- Hepatology,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Onkenhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology- Hepatology,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C B H W","family":"Lamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology- Hepatology,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A A M","family":"Masclee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology- Hepatology,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90204-4","article-title":"Does total parenteral nutrition induce gallbladder sludge formation and lithiasis?","volume":"84","author":"Messing","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(83)90175-7"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80179-6","article-title":"Gallbladder disease in patients on long-term parenteral nutrition.","volume":"84","author":"Roslyn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90562-7","article-title":"Ultrasonographic study of gallbladder motility during total parenteral nutrition.","volume":"91","author":"Cano","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607184008003263"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.6","first-page":"76","article-title":"Cholecystokinin prophylaxis of parenteral nutrition-induced gallbladder disease.","volume":"201","author":"Doty","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.7","first-page":"25","article-title":"Cholecystokinin prevents parenteral nutrition induced biliary sludge in humans.","volume":"170","author":"Sitzmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surg Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.8","first-page":"G173","article-title":"Intravenous amino acids stimulate human gallbladder emptying and hormone release.","volume":"259","author":"Nealon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91146-D"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090196"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197801052980106"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110875"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318177"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.2.244","article-title":"Gastric emptying in humans: influence of different regimens of parenteral nutrition.","volume":"60","author":"Bursztein-De Myttenaere","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.5.550"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.5.775"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.17","first-page":"546","article-title":"Investigation of small bowel transit time in man utilising pulmonary hydrogen (H2) measurements.","volume":"85","author":"Bond","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.18","first-page":"513","article-title":"Evidence for brain serotonin-mediated control of carbohydrate consumption in normal weight and obese humans.","volume":"17","author":"Pijl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(83)90100-6"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409094893"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(82)90314-6","article-title":"Relationship of motility to flow of contents in the human small intestine.","volume":"82","author":"Kerlin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90573-1"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.23","first-page":"A1570","article-title":"Relationship between different phases of MMC and transit time: a reappraisal [abstract].","volume":"88","author":"Sarna","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000199768","article-title":"Interdigestive gastroduodenal motor activity in subjects with increased gastric acid secretion.","volume":"41","author":"Bortolotti","year":"1988","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90407-3","article-title":"Inhibition of phase III activity by acidifying stomach in vagally denervated and innervated dogs with gastric pouches.","volume":"106","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P, Dom\u00ednguez-Mu\u00f1oz JE. Effect of exogenous pancreatic enzymes on gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormone release and gastrointestinal motility. Digestion1993;54(suppl 2):15\u201320. .","DOI":"10.1159\/000201098"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.27","first-page":"59","article-title":"Studies on the causal relationship between gall-bladder emptying and motilin release in man.","volume":"520","author":"Svenberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509093249","article-title":"Increases in plasma motilin follow each episode of gallbladder emptying during the interdigestive period, and changes in serum bile acid concentration correlate to plasma motilin.","volume":"30","author":"Qvist","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01489315"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309096049","article-title":"Pancreaticobiliary juice releases motilin during phase I of the migrating motor complex in man.","volume":"28","author":"Nilsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.6.789"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.32","first-page":"A537","article-title":"Effect of cholecystokinin on small intestinal motility and transit time in humans [abstract].","volume":"106","author":"Masclee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1996.1790522.x"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.34","first-page":"97","article-title":"Effect of nitric oxide on antral motility and gastric emptying in humans.","volume":"7","author":"Konturek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.35","first-page":"G207","article-title":"Is nitric oxide the final mediator regulating the migrating myoelectric complex cycle?","volume":"31","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Membrilla","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(80)90012-6"},{"key":"2025121305104146000_44.2.240.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24187-8","article-title":"Effect of amino acids on isolated colonic smooth muscle from the rabbit.","volume":"235","author":"Snape","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.44.2.240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T13:10:51Z","timestamp":1765631451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.44.2.240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.44.2.240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.44.2.240","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]}}}