{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:35:04Z","timestamp":1770507304979,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mixed cryoglobulinaemia is closely associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>AIM<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess in a prospective open study the efficiency of interferon \u03b1 treatment of cryoglobulinaemia, as reflected by the disappearance of cryoglobulins and clinical manifestations of the disease, and to analyse the factors predictive of a response to interferon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                  <jats:title>METHOD<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eighty seven consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C treated for the first time with interferon at a dose of 3 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> international units three times a week for six months were studied. Forty three patients had cryoglobulins, which were responsible for clinical manifestations in 12.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At the end of interferon treatment, cryoglobulins had disappeared in 39% of the patients. A clinical improvement (except for neuropathies) was observed in all patients. Six months after interferon treatment was stopped, the same rate of response (normal alanine aminotransferase values and undectable HCV RNA) was observed in patients with or without cryoglobulins. Only 14% of patients still had undetectable cryoglobulins, and all of them also had undetectable serum HCV RNA. The disappearance of cryoglobulins was found less frequently in patients with clinical symptoms than in asymptomatic ones, but the difference was not significant. Sustained responders were more often men, infected by genotype 2 or 3, with a lower pretreatment viral load.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The presence of cryoglobulins does not seem to affect the response to interferon in HCV infected patients. The improvement in cryoglobulinaemia is strongly associated with a virological response, reinforcing the hypothesis of a direct role for HCV in the pathogenesis of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.1.122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"122-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Response to interferon \u03b1 treatment and disappearance of cryoglobulinaemia in patients infected by hepatitis C virus"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Cresta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- Gastroent\u00e9rologie, \n\nfService de Sant\u00e9 Publique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Musset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- Gastroent\u00e9rologie, \n\nfService de Sant\u00e9 Publique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Cacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- Gastroent\u00e9rologie, \n\nfService de Sant\u00e9 Publique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Frangeul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- Gastroent\u00e9rologie, \n\nfService de Sant\u00e9 Publique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Vitour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- Gastroent\u00e9rologie, \n\nfService de Sant\u00e9 Publique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Poynard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- Gastroent\u00e9rologie, \n\nfService de Sant\u00e9 Publique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Opolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- Gastroent\u00e9rologie, \n\nfService de Sant\u00e9 Publique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D-T","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- Gastroent\u00e9rologie, \n\nfService de Sant\u00e9 Publique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Golliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France, \n\nbService d\u2019Immunochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, \n\ncService de M\u00e9decine Interne, \n\ndLaboratoire de Bact\u00e9rio-Virologie, \n\neService d\u2019H\u00e9pato- 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