{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T08:13:54Z","timestamp":1765008834820,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It has been suggested that slow transit constipation (STC) may be part of a panenteric motor disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIM<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate motility of an upper gastrointestinal organ, the gall bladder, in 16 patients with STC and 20 healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gall bladder emptying (ultrasonography) was studied in response to neural, cephalic-vagal stimulation with modified sham feeding (MSF) for 90 minutes and in response to hormonal stimulation with cholecystokinin (CCK, 0.5 IDU\/kg\/h) for 60 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fasting gall bladder volume in patients with STC (17 (2) cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was significantly (p&lt;0.01) reduced compared with that in controls (24 (2) cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Gall bladder emptying in response to MSF was significantly reduced in patients with STC expressed both as percentage emptying (11 (5)% versus 22 (3)%; p&lt;0.05) and as absolute emptying (2.1 (0.7) cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      versus 4.9 (0.7) cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; p&lt;0.02). However, percentage gall bladder emptying in response to CCK was not different between patients and controls (73 (4)% versus 67 (4)%) although the absolute reduction in gall bladder volume was significantly (p&lt;0.05) smaller in patients (10.7 (1.1) cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      versus 15.3 (1.4) cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with slow transit constipation have smaller fasting gall bladder volumes, impaired gall bladder responses to vagal cholinergic stimulation, but normal gall bladder responses to hormonal stimulation with CCK. These results point to abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility proximal from the colon in slow transit constipation and more specifically, impaired neural responsiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.2.264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,8]],"date-time":"2010-01-08T21:47:25Z","timestamp":1262987245000},"page":"264-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gall bladder emptying in severe idiopathic constipation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Penning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H A J","family":"Gielkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J B V M","family":"Delemarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C B H W","family":"Lamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A A M","family":"Masclee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands, \n\nbDepartment of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120600091551000_45.2.264.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360210077013"},{"key":"2025120600091551000_45.2.264.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.agast961666"},{"key":"2025120600091551000_45.2.264.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02048263"},{"key":"2025120600091551000_45.2.264.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.7.969"},{"key":"2025120600091551000_45.2.264.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296374"},{"key":"2025120600091551000_45.2.264.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710726","article-title":"Results of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation in women (Arbuthnot Lane\u2019s 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