{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T18:23:56Z","timestamp":1781893436932,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies have implicated mitogenic metabolites of arachidonic acid such as prostaglandin E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in colorectal carcinogenesis. Recently, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) which catalyses the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , has displayed increased levels in human colorectal cancer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether there is differential COX-2 expression from different locations (caecum, ascending, transverse, descending, or sigmoid colon, and rectum) in human colorectal cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Protein levels of COX-2 were determined by western blot analysis in tumours and adjacent normal mucosa of 39 patients with colorectal cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a notable overexpression of COX-2 protein in tumours located in the rectum (p&lt;0.001) compared with other locations in the colon. Rectal tumours revealed elevated COX-2 protein levels in 18\/20 cases compared with 4\/19 colonic cases. No association between enhanced COX-2 protein expression in tumour tissue and Dukes\u2019s stages was found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that the differential COX-2 expression may be due to differences in gene regulatory factors affecting COX-2 expression and\/or reflect secondary changes in tumour progression which may have clinical implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.5.730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"730-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Differential expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in human colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Dimberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden, \n\nbDepartment of Natural Science and Biomedicine, University College of Health Sciences, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden, \n\ncDepartment of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Samuelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden, \n\nbDepartment of Natural Science and Biomedicine, University College of Health Sciences, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden, \n\ncDepartment of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Hugander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden, \n\nbDepartment of Natural Science and Biomedicine, University College of Health Sciences, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden, \n\ncDepartment of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"S\u00f6derkvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden, \n\nbDepartment of Natural Science and Biomedicine, University College of Health Sciences, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden, \n\ncDepartment of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Prostanoid biosynthesis and mechanism of action.","volume":"263","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)35698-9","article-title":"Selective expression of mitogen inducible cyclooxygenase in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.","volume":"267","author":"Lee","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.3","first-page":"156","article-title":"Expression of RNA for cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human tissues.","volume":"330","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02358623"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119400"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90246-1"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.7","first-page":"3785","article-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in human colorectal cancer.","volume":"55","author":"Sano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613017"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.4816"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3336"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049897"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.12","first-page":"518","article-title":"Altered eicosanoid levels in human colorectal cancer.","volume":"122","author":"Rigas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810849"},{"key":"2025121306030674000_45.5.730.14","unstructured":"Bollag DM Rozycki NW (1996) Protein methods. 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