{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T03:45:55Z","timestamp":1765079155419,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cause of inflammation in cardiac mucosa at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) is unclear, both gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      having been implicated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe patterns of gastritis in patients with symptomatic GORD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 150 patients (126 normally located Z-line, 24 Barrett's oesophagus) with symptoms of GORD, biopsies were taken of the GOJ, corpus, and antrum. Inflammation was assessed using the updated Sydney System.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For the 126 patients with a normally located Z-line, biopsies of the GOJ revealed cardiac mucosa in 96, fundic mucosa in 29, and squamous mucosa in one. Inflammation in glandular mucosa at the GOJ was present in 99\/125 specimens (79%), including 87\/96 (91%) with cardiac mucosa and 12\/29 (41%) with fundic mucosa. Inflammation in fundic mucosa was closely related to\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      and active inflammation was only seen in its presence. Inflammation in cardiac mucosa was less closely linked to\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      . When\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      was present in cardiac mucosa (28\/96, 29%) active inflammation was usually present (25\/28, 89%). However, active inflammation was also found in 34\/68 (50%) cardiac mucosa specimens without\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Overall, 28\/87 (32%) biopsies with carditis were colonised with\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 59\/87 (68%) were not. In\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonised patients, inflammation was seen throughout the stomach, while in non-colonised patients, it was confined to cardiac mucosa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with symptomatic GORD had a high prevalence of carditis. This was of two types,\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      associated and unassociated. Except on Giemsa staining, the two were morphologically identical, suggesting mediation by a similar immunological mechanism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.6.798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"798-803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Patterns of gastritis in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"D J","family":"Bowrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aUniversity Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\nbUniversity Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G W B","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aUniversity Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\nbUniversity Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G T","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aUniversity Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\nbUniversity Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.314"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460100089030"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198510033131404"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(89)80011-3"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.1.14"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400110070014"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.9.1155"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930815)72:4<1155::AID-CNCR2820720404>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.9","first-page":"212","article-title":"The incidence of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus: a prospective study of 170 patients followed 4.8 years.","volume":"92","author":"Drewitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.161_b.x"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90349-2"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.12","first-page":"1507","article-title":"The prevalence and clinical characteristics of short segments of specialized intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus on routine endoscopy.","volume":"91","author":"Johnston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018863529777"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.14","first-page":"414","article-title":"Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia.","volume":"92","author":"Morales","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.710"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199710000-00013"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.5.585"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.5.659"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70576-1"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.17"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.21","first-page":"A63","article-title":"Inflammation and metaplasia in the transitional epithelium of the gastroesophageal junction: a new marker for gastroesophageal reflux disease [abstract].","volume":"106","author":"Clark","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199600001-00005","article-title":"The biopsy diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease, \u201ccarditis\u201d, and Barrett's esophagus, and sequelae of therapy [review].","volume":"20 (suppl 1)","author":"Riddell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1994.tb01349.x","article-title":"Observer variation in the assessment of chronic gastritis according to the Sydney system.","volume":"25","author":"Andrew","year":"1994","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/11.4.203","article-title":"Interactions between Helicobacter pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease [review].","volume":"11","author":"Bowrey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.26","first-page":"A159","article-title":"Validation of two near-patient whole blood tests for Helicobacter pylori. How near are they to a gold standard? [abstract].","volume":"41 (suppl 4)","author":"Hawthorne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00362.x"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198601000-00006"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13.3.211"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.30","unstructured":"Filipe MI Lake BD , eds (1983) Histochemistry in pathology. (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh), pp 310\u2013313."},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(94)90011-6"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.32","first-page":"2220","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in the gastric cardia.","volume":"12","author":"Hackelsberger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.33","first-page":"2125","article-title":"Diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori: a prospective evaluation of their accuracy, without selecting a single test as the gold standard.","volume":"91","author":"Thijs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850170982"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00411.x"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912073212302"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00264-8","article-title":"Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection [review].","volume":"22","author":"Megraud","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199805000-00004"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70364-6"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.5.524"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.4.303"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.3.235"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730509","article-title":"Intragastric bile acids and histological changes in gastric mucosa.","volume":"73","author":"Houghton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00778.x"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.986_i.x"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70123-X"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091920106"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.48","first-page":"71","article-title":"Endocrine cells in human cardiac glands.","volume":"19","author":"Stachura","year":"1981","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000020107"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.50","unstructured":"Muller Botha GS (1962) The gastro-oesophageal junction. Clinical applications to oesophageal and gastric surgery. (J & A Churchill Ltd, London)."},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.51","first-page":"56","article-title":"The exact distribution of the gastric glands in man and in certain animals.","volume":"55","author":"Miyagawa","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/107710496175697"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70247-7"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70582-2"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.55","first-page":"51","article-title":"The endocrine cells of the bovine cardiac glands.","volume":"25","author":"Domeneghini","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bas Appl Histochem"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.12.1319"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.57","first-page":"231","article-title":"Distribution of marker enzymes and mucin in intestinal metaplasia in human stomach and relation of complete and incomplete types of intestinal metaplasia to minute gastric carcinomas.","volume":"65","author":"Matsukura","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.8.866"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.37.6.607"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.60","first-page":"53","article-title":"Barrett's esophagus. Correlation between mucin histochemistry, flow cytometry, and histologic diagnosis for predicting increased cancer risk.","volume":"131","author":"Haggitt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/98.1.61","article-title":"Mucin histochemical analysis in the interpretation of Barrett's esophagus.","volume":"98","author":"Lapertosa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2025120523200474000_45.6.798.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199709000-00006"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.45.6.798","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:20:17Z","timestamp":1765005617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.45.6.798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.45.6.798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.45.6.798","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]}}}