{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:50:00Z","timestamp":1791021000291,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It is not known whether\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      +\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      in duodenal ulcer (DU) have enhanced virulence compared with non-DU\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      +\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the relation between presentation,\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      density, interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and IL-8 production, and\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty DU and 50 gastritis patients with\n                      <jats:italic>cagA+ H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 11 with\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2212 infections were studied. Bacterial density and cytokine production were assessed using the same biopsies. Cytokine production was also measured from supernatants of medium following coculture of\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      with MKN-45 cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no relation between\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      density and\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      status. There was a dose dependent relation between mucosal cytokine levels and density of\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      +\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      density increased to a threshold, followed by a rapid increase in cytokines and then a plateau. IL-1\u03b2 and IL-8 levels in the antrum were greater in DU than in gastritis; in the corpus the cytokine level\/\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      differed irrespective of similar\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      densities. However, cytokine production was similar in vitro, independent of presentation or biopsy site, suggesting that host factors are critical determinants of the inflammatory response. Mucosal IL-8 and IL-1\u03b2 levels were low with\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2212 and\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      +,\n                      <jats:italic>cagE\u2212 H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The increase in antral IL-1\u03b2 and IL-8 production and inflammation in DU is related to increased numbers of bacteria and not to an increase in cytokine production per\n                      <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                      + isolate. There was no evidence of enhanced virulence of\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      from DU compared with\n                      <jats:italic>cagA+<\/jats:italic>\n                      non-DU\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.6.804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1277901972000},"page":"804-811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Relation between clinical presentation,\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    density, interleukin 1\u03b2 and 8 production, and\n                    <i>cagA<\/i>\n                    status"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Y","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, \n\nbThird Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, \n\ncDepartment of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, \n\nbThird Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, \n\ncDepartment of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, \n\nbThird Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, \n\ncDepartment of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Imanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, \n\nbThird Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, \n\ncDepartment of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, \n\nbThird Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, \n\ncDepartment of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 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