{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T09:03:25Z","timestamp":1768035805391,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase\/cyclooxygenase (COX) is the key enzyme in gastric mucosal protection and repair but its cellular localisation in the human stomach is still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate immunohistochemically the cellular distribution of COX-1 and COX-2 proteins in the human stomach with or without gastritis or ulceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tissues were obtained by surgical resection of gastric ulcers associated with perforation (n=9) or by biopsy from\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      positive patients with gastric ulcers (n=45) and\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      negative healthy subjects (n=15). COX expression was detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      COX-2 mRNA and protein were detected in gastric ulcer tissues but not in intact gastric mucosa. COX-1 mRNA and protein were detected in the intact mucosa. COX-2 immunostaining was exclusively localised in macrophages and fibroblasts between necrotic and granulation tissues of the ulcer bed. The percentage of COX-2 expressing cells was significantly higher in open than in closed ulcers, and in gastritis than in gastric mucosa without\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. COX-1 immunoreactivity localised in lamina propria mesenchymal cells was similar in various stages of ulcer disease and in intact gastric mucosa. Electron microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed both COX-1 and COX-2 on the luminal surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of macrophages and fibroblasts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results showed that COX-2 protein was induced in macrophages and fibroblasts in gastric ulcers and\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      related gastritis, suggesting its involvement in the tissue repair process.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.6.782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:32:32Z","timestamp":1027751552000},"page":"782-789","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Localisation of cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 in\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    related gastritis and gastric ulcer tissues in humans"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Tatsuguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Akamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Tsukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Futagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Kishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121312574836000_46.6.782.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90002-7","article-title":"Protection by prostaglandins in rat. 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