{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:27:01Z","timestamp":1783434421899,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction has been implicated as a cause of various forms of acute pancreatitis. However, there is no direct evidence to show that sphincter of Oddi dysfunction can cause obstruction of trans-sphincteric flow resulting in acute pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if induced sphincter of Oddi spasm can produce trans-sphincteric obstruction and, in combination with stimulated pancreatic secretion, induce acute pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In anaesthetised possums, the pancreatic duct was ligated and pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin octapeptide\/secretin to induce acute pancreatitis. In separate animals, carbachol was applied topically to the sphincter of Oddi to cause transient sphincter obstruction. Sphincter of Oddi motility, trans-sphincteric flow, pancreatic duct pressure, pancreatic exocrine secretion, plasma amylase levels, and pancreatic tissue damage (histology score) were studied and compared with variables in ligation models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute pancreatitis developed following stimulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion with peptides after pancreatic duct ligation (p&lt;0.05). Neither pancreatic duct ligation nor stimulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion with cholecystokinin octapeptide\/secretin alone resulted in acute pancreatitis. Topical carbachol stimulated sphincter of Oddi motility abolished trans-sphincteric flow, and increased pancreatic exocrine secretion (p&lt;0.05) and pancreatic duct pressure to levels comparable with pancreatic duct ligation (p&lt;0.001). Carbachol application (with or without combined peptide stimulation) elevated plasma amylase levels (p&lt;0.01) and produced pancreatic tissue damage (p&lt;0.05). Decompression of pancreatic duct ameliorated these effects (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Induced sphincter of Oddi dysfunction when coupled with stimulated pancreatic secretion causes acute pancreatitis. This may be an important pathophysiological mechanism causing various forms of acute pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.4.539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:32:32Z","timestamp":1027751552000},"page":"539-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction produces acute pancreatitis in the possum"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"J W C","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia, \n\nbDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia, \n\nbDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C M","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia, \n\nbDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A C","family":"Schloithe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia, \n\nbDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Toouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia, \n\nbDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G T P","family":"Saccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia, \n\nbDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121313423047000_47.4.539.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.3.305"},{"key":"2025121313423047000_47.4.539.2","first-page":"342","article-title":"Sphincter of Oddi manometry.","volume":"45","author":"Hogan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025121313423047000_47.4.539.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(85)80086-X","article-title":"Manometric disorders in patients with suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.","volume":"88","author":"Toouli","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121313423047000_47.4.539.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800721104","article-title":"Sphincter of Oddi motility disorders in patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis.","volume":"72","author":"Toouli","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2025121313423047000_47.4.539.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1996.02467.x"},{"key":"2025121313423047000_47.4.539.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(82)90072-1","article-title":"Effect of purified scorpion toxin (tityustoxin) on the pancreatic secretion of the rat.","volume":"20","author":"Novaes","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2025121313423047000_47.4.539.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800631019","article-title":"Experimental studies on the aetiology of acute scorpion pancreatitis.","volume":"63","author":"Bartholomew","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2025121313423047000_47.4.539.8","first-page":"9","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis induced by scorpion toxin, tityustoxin. 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