{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:37:31Z","timestamp":1773247051189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rise in the incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) suggests the role of an environmental factor in the development of the disease in susceptible individuals. Perinatal exposure to infection has been proposed as such an environmental factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIM<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the influence of birth date on the development of CD in later life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHOD<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four registers of patients with CD, diagnosed from 1972 to 1989, were combined, and data from 1624 patients were examined. The birth dates of CD patients were compared with national birth figures for three decades (1941\u201350, 1951\u201360, and 1961\u201370) to avoid temporal changes in birth trends, and year of birth was compared with epidemic measles years between 1951 and 1967. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were marginal differences between the birth dates of the CD patients and those predicted from the general population. Further analysis of both season of birth and year halves revealed a very weak association with the first half of the year (relative risk 1.14 (95% CI 1.01\u20131.30)). There was no association between developing CD and birth during measles epidemics between 1951 and 1967.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In utero or perinatal exposure to seasonal environmental factors are unlikely potential aetiological agents in the later development of CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.6.801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:32:32Z","timestamp":1027751552000},"page":"801-803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Measles, month of birth, and Crohn's disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Haslam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aGloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester, UK, \n\nbLeicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK, \n\ncUniversity Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK, \n\ndUniversity of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\neDerbyshire Royal Infirmary, London Road, Derby, UK, \n\nfUniversity Division of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J F","family":"Mayberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aGloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester, UK, \n\nbLeicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK, \n\ncUniversity Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK, \n\ndUniversity of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\neDerbyshire Royal Infirmary, London Road, Derby, UK, \n\nfUniversity Division of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A B","family":"Hawthorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aGloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester, UK, \n\nbLeicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK, \n\ncUniversity Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK, \n\ndUniversity of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\neDerbyshire Royal Infirmary, London Road, Derby, UK, \n\nfUniversity Division of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R G","family":"Newcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aGloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester, UK, \n\nbLeicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK, \n\ncUniversity Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK, \n\ndUniversity of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\neDerbyshire Royal Infirmary, London Road, Derby, UK, \n\nfUniversity Division of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G K T","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aGloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester, UK, \n\nbLeicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK, \n\ncUniversity Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK, \n\ndUniversity of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\neDerbyshire Royal Infirmary, London Road, Derby, UK, \n\nfUniversity Division of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C S J","family":"Probert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aGloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester, UK, \n\nbLeicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK, \n\ncUniversity Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK, \n\ndUniversity of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, \n\neDerbyshire Royal Infirmary, London Road, Derby, UK, \n\nfUniversity Division of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.3.346"},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91898-8"},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90816-1"},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78089-2"},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.11.1547"},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.68.805.914"},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000200936","article-title":"Low incidence of ulcerative colitis and proctitis in Bangladeshi migrants in 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(HMSO, London)."},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.13","unstructured":"Gardner MJ Altman DG (1989) Calculating confidence intervals for relative risk, odds ratios, and standardised ratios and rates. Statistics with confidence. (BMJ, London), pp 50\u201363."},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.14","unstructured":"Mardia KV (1972) Statistics of directional data. (Academic Press, London)."},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.15","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1970) Communicable disease statistics (series MB2 No 6). (HMSO, London) :figure 5, p xiii."},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<873::AID-SIM779>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90202-V"},{"key":"2025112110513525000_47.6.801.18","first-page":"401","article-title":"Perinatal and childhood risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study.","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.47.6.801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:51:44Z","timestamp":1763751104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.47.6.801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.47.6.801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.47.6.801","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]}}}