{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:23:58Z","timestamp":1777613038977,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a previous study we showed that interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) caused recurrence of gastric ulcers in rats, and that adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and leucocytic \u03b22 integrins) play a role in this recurrence. Although gastric acid plays an important role in many types of gastric injuries, including peptic ulcer recurrence, the mechanism(s) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the involvement of gastric acid in induction of ulcer recurrence by IL-1\u03b2, and to investigate the role of gastric acid in inflammatory responses during ulcer recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rats with healed ulcers were used. Rats were given 1 \u03bcg\/kg IL-1\u03b2 intraperitoneally. Another group of rats was given 20 mg\/kg omeprazole for three days to inhibit acid secretion, and received IL-1\u03b2 20 hours after the first administration of omeprazole. They were then given 0.15 N HCl or vehicle at 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours after IL-1\u03b2 treatment. Some rats were given acid alone at the same time points. Expression of adhesion molecules was examined immunohistochemically and concentrations of IL-1\u03b2 and tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) were measured by ELISA in scar tissue 24 hours after IL-1\u03b2 treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL-1\u03b2 increased expression of adhesion molecules and concentrations of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 in scar tissue by 24 hours after IL-1\u03b2 treatment, and nine of 11 healed ulcers had recurred by 48 hours. Omeprazole inhibited the effects of IL-1\u03b2. HCl acid abolished the inhibitory effects of omeprazole. Acid alone affected neither expression of adhesion molecules nor cytokine concentrations, and did not cause recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastric acid is required for recurrence of gastric ulcers caused by IL-1\u03b2, and gastric acid stimulates the inflammatory process in scarred mucosa during ulcer recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.6.774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:37:59Z","timestamp":1027751879000},"page":"774-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Acid regulates inflammatory response in a rat model of induction of gastric ulcer recurrence by interleukin 1\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosignal Analysis, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosignal Analysis, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosignal Analysis, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosignal Analysis, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Arakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosignal Analysis, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)80009-X","article-title":"Omeprazole 20 mg three days a week and 10 mg daily in prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse.","volume":"100","author":"Lauritsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6120.1095","article-title":"Prophylactic effect of cimetidine in duodenal ulcer disease.","volume":"1","author":"Gudmand-H\u00f8yer","year":"1978","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.3","first-page":"971","article-title":"Role of neutrophils in a rat model of gastric ulcer recurrence caused by IL-1\u03b2.","volume":"150","author":"Watanabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.1.331","article-title":"Immune complex-induced lung and dermal vascular injury: differing requirements for tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and IL-1.","volume":"149","author":"Mulligan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.22.8749"},{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112350"},{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.5.1680","article-title":"Monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, each independently induce biosynthesis and transient expression of the same antigen on the surface of cultured human vascular endothelial cells.","volume":"136","author":"Pober","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.19.418"},{"key":"2025121313015352000_48.6.774.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5198(19)52554-9","article-title":"Experimental studies on gastric ulcer. 4. 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