{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T20:44:41Z","timestamp":1771706681704,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is caused by a T helper cell type 1 (Th1) response in the small intestinal mucosa to dietary gluten. Paradoxically, interleukin (IL)-12, the major Th1 inducing factor, is undetectable in the mucosa of active CD. IL-18 is a recently described cytokine capable of promoting T cell interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 production and facilitating Th1 cell polarisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Aim: To examine expression of IL-18 and IL-18-associated Th1 proteins in CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: IL-18 and IFN-\u03b3 RNA transcripts were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IL-18 and caspase-1 protein expression were assessed by western blotting. Caspase-1 activity was determined using a commercially available assay. RNA transcripts for the IL-18 receptor subunits, IL-1 receptor related protein (IL-1 Rrp) and accessory protein-like subunit (AcPL), and IL-18 induced Th1 specific T box transcription factor (T-bet) were measured by RT-PCR and Southern blotting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: IL-18 RNA transcripts were found in all mucosal samples analysed, with no difference between CD patients and controls. By western blot analysis, a large protein of approximately 24 kDa, corresponding to the immature IL-18, was detected in all mucosal samples from CD patients and controls. In contrast, mature IL-18 was only seen in CD patients. Immunoreactivity corresponding to both immature and mature caspase-1 was present in both CD and control samples. Tissue homogenates from CD patients and controls expressed similar levels of caspase-1 activity. IL-1Rrp and AcPL were seen in all samples but were expressed at greater levels in the mucosa of CD patients. T-bet was also upregulated in CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Active IL-18 is expressed in CD as well as other markers of Th1 polarisation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.2.186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:29:07Z","timestamp":1027751347000},"page":"186-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Interleukin 18 and associated markers of T helper cell type 1 activity in coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"V M","family":"Salvati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T 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