{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T04:43:32Z","timestamp":1769748212626,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in tissue remodelling and ulceration in inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease. Studies to date have concluded that stromelysin 1 is functionally involved in mucosal degradation. However, there are many other MMPs whose function in the gut is currently unknown. This work had two aims: firstly, to use gene array technology to measure changes in MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression in a model of T cell mediated injury in the gut, and secondly, to correlate data from gene arrays with that generated by in situ hybridisation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    T cells in explants of human fetal gut were activated with pokeweed mitogen or anti-CD3 plus interleukin 12. Gene array analysis and in situ hybridisation were performed to investigate changes in MMP gene expression.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Both gene array analysis and in situ hybridisation indicated marked upregulation of stromelysin 2 and macrophage metalloelastase expression in the explants associated with mucosal destruction. The arrays also confirmed our previous observation that interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), stromelysin 1 (MMP-3), and gelatinase B (MMP-9) are upregulated but there was no change in MMP-2, -7, -8, -9, -11, -13, -14\u201317, or -19. Following T cell activation, transcripts for TIMPs were reduced.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These results show that there is differential upregulation of MMPs during T cell responses in the gut and suggest that further studies on the role of stromelysin 2 and macrophage metalloelastase may show that they have a functional role. In addition, the increase in MMPs and reduction in TIMPs suggest that the protease\/antiprotease balance in the mucosa may determine the extent of mucosal degradation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.4.540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,16]],"date-time":"2002-09-16T15:02:56Z","timestamp":1032188576000},"page":"540-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases in a model of T cell mediated tissue injury in the gut: analysis by gene array and in situ hybridisation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"M T","family":"Salmela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T T","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Repair, School of Medicine, University 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