{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:34:59Z","timestamp":1771626899012,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background and aims:<\/jats:bold> One of the key components of inflammation is changes in vascular structure and function. This suggests that the microcirculation may be a key target of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> released factors. It has previously been shown in vivo that pooled <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> extracts from duodenal ulcer\/gastritis patients induce platelet aggregation but no leucocyte activation within rat gastric mucosal microcirculation (GMMC). However, infection with strains associated with ulcer disease as compared with gastritis may exert greater effects on the microcirculation. This study used fluorescent in vivo microscopy to determine the acute effects of extracts of genotypically different <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> strains on the GMMC.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Three <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> extracts, with different <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> and VacA toxigenic status, were individually administered to the gastric mucosa of anaesthetised Wistar rats. The mucosal surface was visualised via an incision made in the exteriorised stomach. Fluoroscein isothiocyanate conjugated to bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) or acridine orange was used to quantify macromolecular leak (MML) and leucocyte\/platelet activity respectively for 120 minutes. Changes in capillary and post-capillary venule (PCV) diameters were also monitored.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> VacA toxigenic strain 60190 induced significant and sustained MML by five minutes (p&lt;0.01). Transient and less leakage was observed with its isogenic VacA<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> mutant and other non-toxigenic strains regardless of <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> status. Significant increases in leucocyte adhesion (p&lt;0.05), platelet aggregation (p&lt;0.05), and PCV vasoconstriction (p&lt;0.05) were only observed with the <jats:italic>cag A<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and toxigenic strain.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Extracts of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> are capable of inducing marked disturbances within the rat GMMC. These disturbances seem to be dependent on the production of an active vacuolating cytotoxin. Varying effects on the GMMC may explain the clinically diverse outcomes associated with genotypically different strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.5.641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T18:38:51Z","timestamp":1034361531000},"page":"641-647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Toxigenic <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> induces changes in the gastric mucosal microcirculation in rats"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Kalia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K D","family":"Bardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Atherton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N J","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00614.x","volume":"26","year":"1995","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.2","unstructured":"Granger DN, Grisham MB, Kvietys PR. Mechanisms of microvascular injury. In: Johnson LR, ed. Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. 3rd edn. New York: Raven Press, 1994:1693\u2013722."},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.6.738"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.8.1020"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115095","volume":"87","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01303180"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90148-6"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90062-0","volume":"107","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.2.517"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.6.748","volume":"41","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005456029396"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70223-3"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.710"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.363898.x"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.11.3278-3280.2000"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10212"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14648"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-26-2-93"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34097-8","volume":"269","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(82)90106-2"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(82)90042-5"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.23","first-page":"760","volume":"73","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050146"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.3893-3899.1999","volume":"67","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.26","first-page":"1150","volume":"91","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7699"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.1998.08056.x"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4154","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.10.4154-4160.1995","volume":"63","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850172331"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655299750024689"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.32","first-page":"22","volume":"60","year":"1999","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.33","first-page":"387","volume":"49","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00476.x"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.35","first-page":"19","volume":"15","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3109(89)90008-8"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613841","volume":"83","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000158"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.1.5"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90741-2","volume":"106","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119650","volume":"100","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025090713053729000_51.5.641.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.9.1467"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.51.5.641","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T20:05:46Z","timestamp":1757275546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.51.5.641"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.51.5.641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.51.5.641","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}