{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:16:47Z","timestamp":1792088207107,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background and aim:<\/jats:bold> The role of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> and aspirin in peptic ulcer formation and recurrence remains an important clinical topic. The interaction between aspirin and <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> in vitro is also not clear. We investigated the effect of aspirin on the growth of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> and on the susceptibility of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> to antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Time killing studies of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> were performed with different concentrations of aspirin and salicylate. Growth of bacteria was assessed spectrophotometrically and by viable colony count. The effects of aspirin on the efficiency of colony formation and on metronidazole induced mutation to rifampicin resistance in <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> were determined. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aspirin and metronidazole were tested by the standard agar dilution method. MICs of amoxycillin and clarithromycin were determined by the E test method.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Aspirin and salicylate inhibited the growth of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> in a dose dependent manner and bactericidal activity was due to cell lysis. Aspirin 400 \u03bcg\/ml caused a 2 logs decrease in colony forming units\/ml at 48 hours, and suppressed the normal ability of metronidazole to induce new mutations to rifampicin. The IC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> of aspirin was 512 \u03bcg\/ml. Increased susceptibility of amoxycillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole to <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> was observed at 1 mM (180 \u03bcg\/ml) aspirin.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Aspirin inhibited the growth of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>, suppressed the mutagenic effect of metronidazole, and enhanced the susceptibility of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> to antimicrobial agents. This mechanism is important in future drug development for effective clearing and overcoming resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.4.490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T17:42:13Z","timestamp":1047404533000},"page":"490-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Aspirin inhibits the growth of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> and enhances its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"W H","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W M","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Dailidiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D E","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K C","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S K","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B C Y","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.1","first-page":"85","volume":"48","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70543-3"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.6.748"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00361.x","volume":"9","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000199898","volume":"44","year":"1989","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90665-8","volume":"100","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90311-L","volume":"102","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/32.3.355"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/32.6.903"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.2.136","volume":"33","year":"1989","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.10.2280","volume":"36","year":"1992","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.1.57"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01803.x","volume":"38","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.5.786","volume":"34","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.15","first-page":"233","volume":"84","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.17.5155-5162.2001"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.6.1497","volume":"43","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.18","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing, Fourth Information Supplement. NCCLS Document M100-S4, Villanova, PA, 1992."},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.2331-2335.1996","volume":"64","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057216"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.4.1231-1235.1993","volume":"59","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.2.459"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.5.1669-1673.1995","volume":"63","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.2008.S56","volume":"43","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.25","first-page":"137","volume":"32","year":"1986","journal-title":"Microbios Lett"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01969526"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(96)70056-2"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.28","unstructured":"Moffat AC, Jackson JV, Moss MS, et al. Clarke\u2019s Isolation and Identification of Drugs in Pharmaceuticals, Body Fluids, and Post-mortem Material. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1986:361\u20132."},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.29","first-page":"58","volume":"264","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.18.5091-5096.2000"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.4.412","volume":"33","year":"1989","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chermother"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.24.8771"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5631","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.18.5631-5638.1991","volume":"173","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacterial"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5416","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.170.12.5416-5422.1988","volume":"170","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7856","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.24.7856-7862.1993","volume":"175","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.49.1.1-32.1985","volume":"49","year":"1985","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.5.1484-1492.1993","volume":"175","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.12.2402","volume":"34","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.2.230","volume":"33","year":"1989","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.11.2123-2125.1987","volume":"25","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-44-6-425"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01967591"},{"key":"2025090715215067000_52.4.490.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963775"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.52.4.490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T22:22:04Z","timestamp":1757283724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.52.4.490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.52.4.490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.52.4.490","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}}}