{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T08:45:13Z","timestamp":1780562713689,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic aetiology of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and the impact of known cholestasis genes (\n                    <jats:italic>BSEP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>FIC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>MDR3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) on the development of this disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Patients and methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Sixty nine Finnish ICP patients were prospectively interviewed for a family history of ICP, and clinical features were compared in patients with familial ICP (patients with a positive family history, n=11) and sporadic patients (patients with no known family history of ICP, n=58). For molecular genetic analysis, 16 individuals from two independently ascertained Finnish ICP families were genotyped for the flanking markers for\n                    <jats:italic>BSEP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>FIC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>MDR3<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The pedigree structures in 16% (11\/69) of patients suggested dominant inheritance. Patients with familial ICP had higher serum aminotransferase levels and a higher recurrence risk (92%\n                    <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                    40%). Both segregation of haplotypes and multipoint linkage analysis excluded\n                    <jats:italic>BSEP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>FIC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>MDR3<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in the studied pedigrees. Additionally, the MDR3 gene, previously shown to harbour mutations in ICP patients, was negative for mutations when sequenced in four affected individuals from the two families.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These results support the hypothesis that the aetiology of ICP is heterogeneous and that ICP is due to a genetic predisposition in a proportion of patients. The results of molecular genetic analysis further suggest that the previously identified three cholestasis genes are not likely to be implicated in these Finnish ICP families with dominant inheritance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.7.1025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,11]],"date-time":"2003-06-11T14:27:04Z","timestamp":1055341624000},"page":"1025-1029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Genetic evidence of heterogeneity in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Savander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ropponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Avela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Weerasekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Cormand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M-L","family":"Hirvioja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Riikonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Ylikorkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A-E","family":"Lehesjoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Aittom\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.1","first-page":"166","volume":"64","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Chir Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(84)90019-5"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06791.x"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70304-3","volume":"170","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)77221-4"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.8.1209"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1969.02100030114014"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0398-219"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199402000-00003"},{"key":"2025121303583713000_52.7.1025.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heikkinen J. 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