{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T13:32:52Z","timestamp":1794490372286,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is higher in African Americans (AAs) compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). A diet high in animal protein and fat is an environmental risk factor for CRC development. The intestinal microbiota is postulated to modulate the effects of diet in promoting or preventing CRC. Hydrogen sulfide, produced by autochthonous sulfidogenic bacteria, triggers proinflammatory pathways and hyperproliferation, and is genotoxic. We hypothesised that sulfidogenic bacterial abundance in colonic mucosa may be an environmental CRC risk factor that distinguishes AA and NHW.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Colonic biopsies from uninvolved or healthy mucosa from CRC cases and tumour-free controls were collected prospectively from five medical centres in Chicago for association studies. Sulfidogenic bacterial abundance in uninvolved colonic mucosa of AA and NHW CRC cases was compared with normal mucosa of AA and NHW controls. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed in AA cases and controls. Correlations were examined among bacterial targets, race, disease status and dietary intake.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AAs harboured a greater abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria compared with NHWs regardless of disease status. <jats:italic>Bilophila wadsworthia<\/jats:italic>-specific <jats:italic>dsrA<\/jats:italic> was more abundant in AA cases than controls. Linear discriminant analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed five sulfidogenic genera that were more abundant in AA cases. Fat and protein intake and daily servings of meat were significantly higher in AAs compared with NHWs, and multiple dietary components correlated with a higher abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These results implicate sulfidogenic bacteria as a potential environmental risk factor contributing to CRC development in AAs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T20:57:00Z","timestamp":1486069020000},"page":"1983-1994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["Race-dependent association of sulfidogenic bacteria with colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Cemal","family":"Yazici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia G","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajwa","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Wen L","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Vermillion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaius J","family":"Augustus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ece","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Tussing-Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Academic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Braunschweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa M","family":"Xicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Llor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Rex","family":"Gaskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures\u00a02016. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2016."},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3443-5"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2014.08.002"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13398"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.007"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00020","article-title":"Microbiota dysbiosis is associated with colorectal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.126573.111"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-1-16"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.109"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039743","article-title":"Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"7 6","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.126516.111"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20145645"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0129"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7342"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.1.64"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04799.x","article-title":"Growth and activities of sulphate-reducing bacteria in gut contents of healthy subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"86","author":"Gibson","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018851723920"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02100146"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0883fje"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20546","article-title":"DNA damage and toxicogenomic analyses of hydrogen sulfide in human intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int cells","volume":"51","author":"Attene-Ramos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-05-0126"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-06-0439"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.1.55","article-title":"Taxonomy, biology, and periodontal aspects of Fusobacterium nucleatum","volume":"9","author":"Bolstad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.1997.0075"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.25","first-page":"448","article-title":"Microbial pathways in colonic sulfur metabolism and links with health and disease","volume":"28","author":"Carbonero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0353"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.194332"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-7-1693"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.20.6028-6035.2001"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006-05"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136150"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00013"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","article-title":"Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies","volume":"65","author":"Willett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.90"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09674"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1150414","article-title":"Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer","volume":"7","author":"Ridlon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-2-679"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00167-07"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0723-2020-00047"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3239-3242.1998","article-title":"Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and periodontal health status","volume":"36","author":"Griffen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00102","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00102-16","article-title":"Metabolic and community synergy of oral bacteria in colorectal cancer","volume":"1","author":"Flynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00084"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M039834"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.12.020"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2010.00924.x"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.2.561-566.1997","article-title":"Purification and characterization of cystathionine (gamma)-lyase from lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11: possible role in flavor compound formation during cheese maturation","volume":"63","author":"Bruinenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1990.tb00645.x"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4056\/sigs.1714269"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.000364-0"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020456"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1078\/072320203322346010","article-title":"Cetobacterium somerae sp. nov. from human feces and emended description of the genus Cetobacterium","volume":"26","author":"Finegold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Syst Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11225"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012133232404"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.57","first-page":"1429","article-title":"The mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diets and colorectal cancer","volume":"92","author":"Fung","year":"2010","journal-title":"AmJClin Nutr"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.061"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.30294"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.7.3401-3407.2002"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2014.1000080"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.005","article-title":"Relationship between microbiota of the colonic mucosa vs feces and symptoms, colonic transit, and methane production in female patients with chronic constipation","volume":"150","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.4.394"},{"key":"2025090723431613000_66.11.1983.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.219634"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:43:27Z","timestamp":1757313807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313321","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]}}}