{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:09:59Z","timestamp":1794276599176,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003975","name":"Israel Cancer Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001742","name":"United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation proctitis (RP) is a complication of pelvic radiotherapy which affects both the host and microbiota. Herein we assessed the radiation effect on microbiota and its relationship to tissue damage using a rectal radiation mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated luminal and mucosa-associated dysbiosis in irradiated and control mice at two postradiation time points and correlated it with clinical and immunological parameters. Epithelial cytokine response was evaluated using bacterial\u2013epithelial co-cultures. Subsequently, germ-free (GF) mice were colonised with postradiation microbiota and controls and exposed to radiation, or dextran sulfate-sodium (DSS). Interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 correlated with tissue damage and was induced by dysbiosis. Therefore, we tested its direct role in radiation-induced damage by IL-1 receptor antagonist administration to irradiated mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A postradiation shift in microbiota was observed. A unique microbial signature correlated with histopathology. Increased colonic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 expression was observed at two different time points. Adherent microbiota from RP differed from those in uninvolved segments and was associated with tissue damage. Using bacterial\u2013epithelial co-cultures, postradiation microbiota enhanced IL-1\u03b2 and TNF\u03b1 expression compared with na\u00efve microbiota. GF mice colonisation by irradiated microbiota versus controls predisposed mice to both radiation injury and DSS-induced colitis. IL-1 receptor antagonist administration ameliorated intestinal radiation injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results demonstrate that rectal radiation induces dysbiosis, which transmits radiation and inflammatory susceptibility and provide evidence that microbial-induced radiation tissue damage is at least in part mediated by IL-1\u03b2. Environmental factors may affect the host via modifications of the microbiome and potentially allow for novel interventional approaches via its manipulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-313789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T20:40:35Z","timestamp":1493066435000},"page":"97-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":286,"title":["Radiation induces proinflammatory dysbiosis: transmission of inflammatory susceptibility by host cytokine induction"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiran","family":"Gerassy-Vainberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Blatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Danin-Poleg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Gershovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond","family":"Sabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Nevelsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Unit, Department of Oncology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahar","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Unit, Department of Oncology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aviva","family":"Dahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oren","family":"Ziv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishu","family":"Dheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria T","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omry","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yechezkel","family":"Kashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehuda","family":"Chowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219393971000_67.1.97.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1159\/000171239","article-title":"Radiation and the small intestine. 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