{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:17:54Z","timestamp":1791850674885,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/bmj.com\/coronavirus\/usage"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31900070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31900070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A1515011771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A1515011771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the GI symptoms in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory data of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 caused coronavirus disease 2019. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and GI tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 95 patients, 58 cases exhibited GI symptoms of which 11 (11.6%) occurred on admission and 47 (49.5%) developed during hospitalisation. Diarrhoea (24.2%), anorexia (17.9%) and nausea (17.9%) were the main symptoms with five (5.3%), five (5.3%) and three (3.2%) cases occurred on the illness onset, respectively. A substantial proportion of patients developed diarrhoea during hospitalisation, potentially aggravated by various drugs including antibiotics. Faecal samples of 65 hospitalised patients were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, including 42 with and 23 without GI symptoms, of which 22 (52.4%) and 9 (39.1%) were positive, respectively. Six patients with GI symptoms were subjected to endoscopy, revealing oesophageal bleeding with erosions and ulcers in one severe patient. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in oesophagus, stomach, duodenum and rectum specimens for both two severe patients. In contrast, only duodenum was positive in one of the four non-severe patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GI tract may be a potential transmission route and target organ of SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T17:19:43Z","timestamp":1585847983000},"page":"997-1001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":751,"title":["Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiayang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxiong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangqing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honggang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renxu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9187-3023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-1390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan W-jie , Ni Z-yi , Hu Y , et al . Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020.doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young BE , Ong SWX , Kalimuddin S , et al . Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA 2020.doi:10.1001\/jama.2020.3204","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3204"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001468"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001191"},{"key":"2024111100501074000_69.6.997.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren L-L , Wang Y-M , Wu Z-Q , et al . Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human. 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