{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T14:30:50Z","timestamp":1794407450066,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In 1998, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Christel Neut and Jean-Frederic Colombel discovered a novel pathovar of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , adherent and invasive\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (AIEC), in the ileum of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), that was genetically distinct from diarrheagenic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , could adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells and survive in macrophages. The consistent association between AIEC and CD (approximately 30% across the world), their ability to exploit CD-associated genetic traits, and virulence in preclinical colitis models but not healthy hosts spurred global research to elucidate their pathogenicity. Research focused on integrating AIEC with the microbiome, metabolome, metagenome, host response and the impact of diet and antimicrobials has linked the luminal microenvironment and AIEC metabolism to health and disease. This deeper understanding has led to therapeutic trials and precision medicine targeting AIEC-colonised patients. In November 2023, prominent members of the AIEC research community met to present and discuss the many facets of basic, translational and clinical AIEC fields at \u2018AIEC: past, present and future\u2019 in NYC. This review is a summary of this international meeting highlighting the history of AIEC, knowledge accumulated over the past 25 years about its pathogenic properties and proposes a standardised approach for screening patients for AIEC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2025-335331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T07:44:23Z","timestamp":1749195863000},"page":"411-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Adherent-invasive\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in Crohn\u2019s disease: the 25th anniversary"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"75","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02620007","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03808103","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03943446","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Barnich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilit\u00e9 de l'H\u00f4te (M2iSH), Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 1382, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janelle C","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 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