{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:03:12Z","timestamp":1792062192829,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NOX2, the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, is suggested to play a role in favouring the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery via formation of reactive oxidant species. However, its role in spontaneous AF is still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To define the role of NOX2 and isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress, in the different settings of AF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study was performed on 174 patients with AF (82 with paroxysmal\/persistent AF and 92 with permanent AF) and 90 controls matched for sex, age and atherosclerotic risk factors. Urinary isoprostanes and serum levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp) were measured in each patient.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urinary isoprostanes and sNOX2-dp concentrations were significantly higher in patients with paroxysmal\/persistent AF than in those with permanent AF and controls. Compared with controls, patients with permanent AF showed a weak increase in sNOX2-dp and no difference in isoprostanes. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that baseline values of sNOX2-dp and urinary isoprostanes were independently associated with the type of AF (paroxysmal\/persistent vs permanent; \u03b2=\u2212224, p=0.007 and \u03b2=\u2212231, p=0.005, respectively). A significant correlation between sNOX2-dp levels and urinary excretion of isoprostanes was also detected (R=0.707, p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study provides evidence that NOX2 is upregulated only in patients with paroxysmal\/persistent AF and is responsible for overproduction of isoprostanes. This finding warrants further study to see if inhibition of NOX2 may reduce the risk of paroxysmal\/persistent AF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-301952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,23]],"date-time":"2012-05-23T22:27:36Z","timestamp":1337812056000},"page":"1063-1066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Different behaviour of NOX2 activation in patients with paroxysmal\/persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cangemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Celestini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Calvieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Pastori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Nocella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommasa","family":"Vicario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Pignatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Violi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1584"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.06.054"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.12.009"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.04.087"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31817f9398"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hh1801.097644"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.538108"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000183735.09871.61"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn011"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300245"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.029223"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.198622"},{"key":"2025100702501605000_98.14.1063.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000152605.64964.c0","article-title":"Quantification of isoprostanes as indices of oxidant stress and the risk of atherosclerosis in humans","volume":"25","author":"Morrow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc 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