{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:18:36Z","timestamp":1793708316782,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) lacks community prevalence and outcome data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To characterise minimum \u2018indicative\u2019 prevalences and mortality data for all forms of PHT in a selected population with an elevated estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (ePASP) on echocardiography.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Residents of Armadale and the surrounding region in Western Australia (population 165\u2008450) referred to our unit for transthoracic echocardiography between January 2003 and December 2009.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 10\u2008314 individuals (6.2% of the surrounding population) had 15\u2008633 echo studies performed. Of these, 3320 patients (32%) had insufficient TR to ePASP and 936 individuals (9.1%, 95% CI 8.6% to 9.7%) had PHT, defined as, ePASP&gt;40\u2005mm\u2002Hg. The minimum \u2018indicative\u2019 prevalence for all forms of PHT is 326 cases\/100\u2008000 inhabitants of the local population, with left heart disease-associated PHT being the commonest cause (250 cases\/100\u2008000). 15 cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension\/100\u2008000 inhabitants were identified and an additional 144 individuals (15%) with no identified cause for their PHT. The mean time to death for those with ePASP &gt;40\u2005mm\u2002Hg, calculated from the first recorded ePASP, was 4.1\u2005years (95% CI 3.9 to 4.3). PHT increased mortality whatever the underlying cause, but patients with PHT from left heart disease had the worst prognosis and those with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving disease-specific treatment the best prognosis. Risk of death increased with PHT severity: severe pulmonary hypertension shortened the lifespan by an average of 1.1\u2005years compared with mild pulmonary hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this cohort, PHT was common and deadly. Left heart disease was the most common cause and had the worst prognosis and treated pulmonary arterial hypertension had the best prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-301992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,4]],"date-time":"2012-07-04T17:50:22Z","timestamp":1341424222000},"page":"1805-1811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":257,"title":["Pulmonary hypertension: prevalence and mortality in the Armadale echocardiography cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Geoff","family":"Strange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Lung Institute of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Playford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Armadale Health Service, Albany Hwy, Armadale, Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny A","family":"Deague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armadale Health Service, Albany Hwy, Armadale, Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Gabbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Institute of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1_suppl.7S"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.09.014"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.017"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.156299"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.08.003"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.5.1452"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1140"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1668OC"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00092306"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-216"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-5-343"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2005.01.010"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2005.10.005"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200806-953OC"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.45.2.157"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp297"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.037"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.19","unstructured":"Australian Government. 2006 Census. http:\/\/www.censusdata.abs.gov.au"},{"key":"2025092100191710000_98.24.1805.20","first-page":"402","article-title":"[Echocardiographic alterations suggestive of pulmonary hypertension in the Italian ultrasonography laboratories. 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