{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:36:18Z","timestamp":1790778978867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The athlete's heart (AH) remains a popular topic of study. Controversy related to training-specific cardiac adaptation in male athletes, and continuing developments in imaging technology and scaling prompted this systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To provide new insight in relation to: 1) cardiac adaptation to divergent training patterns in male athletes, 2) a developing research database using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in athletes; 3) functional data derived from tissue-Doppler analysis as well as right ventricular (RV) and left atrial (LA) measurements in athletes; and 4) an awareness of the impact of body size on cardiac dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective trials. Data extraction performed by two researchers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pub Med, Medline, Scopus and ISI Web of knowledge scholarly data base.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study selection<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective studies were included if they were echocardiographic or CMR trials of elite young male athletes, with clear indication of type of sports and passed a quality criteria checklist.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All left ventricular (LV) structural parameters were higher in athletes than in controls. Only LV end-diastolic diameter and volume were higher in endurance athletes than in resistance athletes: 54.8 mm (95% CI 54.1 to 55.6) vs 52.4 mm (95% CI 51.2 to 53.6); p&lt;0.001 and 171 ml (95% CI 157 to 185) vs 131 ml (95% CI 120 to 142); p&lt;0.001, respectively. RV end-diastolic volume, mass and LA diameter were higher in endurance athletes than controls. LV end-diastolic volume was larger when CMR was used rather than echocardiography: 178 ml (95% CI Q7 162 to 194) vs 135 ml (95% CI 128 to 142); p&lt;0.001. Meta-analysis regression models demonstrated positive and significant associations between body surface area (BSA) and LV mass, RV mass and LA diameter.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Morphological features of the male AH were noted in both athlete groups. A training-specific pattern of concentric hypertrophy was not discerned in resistance athletes. Both imaging mode and BSA can have a significant impact on the interpretation of AH data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-303465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,9]],"date-time":"2013-03-09T20:10:22Z","timestamp":1362859822000},"page":"1727-1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":230,"title":["Systematic review and meta-analysis of training mode, imaging modality and body size influences on the morphology and function of the male athlete's heart"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Utomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiorespiratory research group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, 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