{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:10:18Z","timestamp":1781248218022,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]],"date-time":"2016-08-12T02:58:33Z","timestamp":1470970713000},"page":"190-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Grading of mitral regurgitation based on intensity analysis of the continuous wave Doppler signal"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"El Haddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"De Backer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"De Buyzere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Devos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Swillens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Timmermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69208-8","article-title":"Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study","volume":"368","author":"Nkomo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041451","article-title":"Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation","volume":"352","author":"Enriquez-Sarano","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.10.016","article-title":"Defining \u201csevere\u201d secondary mitral regurgitation: emphasizing an integrated approach","volume":"64","author":"Grayburn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq031","article-title":"European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native valve disease)","volume":"11","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs109","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012)","volume":"33","author":"Vahanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.536","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Nishimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.086462","article-title":"How to measure severity of mitral regurgitation","volume":"84","author":"Grayburn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.121590","article-title":"Quantitation of mitral regurgitation.","volume":"126","author":"Grayburn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.11.059","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for PISA measurements in mitral regurgitation: systematic review, clinical and in-vitro study","volume":"168","author":"Moraldo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.09.029","article-title":"Reproducibility of proximal isovelocity surface area, vena contracta, and regurgitant jet area for assessment of mitral regurgitation severity","volume":"3","author":"Biner","year":"2010","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.05.048","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: validation of new methods","volume":"60","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.12.002","article-title":"Is 3D echocardiography superior to 2D echocardiography in general practice? A systematic review of studies published between 2007 and 2012","volume":"168","author":"Ruddox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1974.324381","article-title":"Theoretical analysis of the CW doppler ultrasonic flowmeter","volume":"21","author":"Brody","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90761-J","article-title":"Can signal intensity of the continuous wave Doppler regurgitant jet estimate severity of mitral regurgitation?","volume":"123","author":"Utsunomiya","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90016-7","article-title":"Quantification of mitral regurgitation by integrated Doppler backscatter power","volume":"24","author":"MacIsaac","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(97)70024-5","article-title":"Understanding continuous-wave Doppler signal intensity as a measure of regurgitant severity","volume":"10","author":"Bolger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02446800","article-title":"Computer-controlled in vitro model of the human left heart","volume":"30","author":"Verdonck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.2.594","article-title":"A new method for quantification of regurgitant flow rate using color Doppler flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice. An in vitro study","volume":"83","author":"Recusani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.6.651","article-title":"Doppler echocardiographic assessment of valvar regurgitation","volume":"88","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2003.12.006","article-title":"Mitral regurgitation in patients with advanced systolic heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.307","article-title":"Dynamics of mitral regurgitant flow and orifice area. Physiologic application of the proximal flow convergence method: clinical data and experimental testing","volume":"90","author":"Schwammenthal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.07.013","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: how best to do it","volume":"5","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.028","article-title":"Effect of dynamic flow rate and orifice area on mitral regurgitant stroke volume quantification using the proximal isovelocity surface area method","volume":"52","author":"Buck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.755942","article-title":"Left ventricular response to mitral regurgitation: implications for management","volume":"118","author":"Gaasch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.02.084","article-title":"The current therapy for mitral regurgitation","volume":"52","author":"Carabello","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.02.002","article-title":"Redrawing the borders: considering guideline revision in functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"7","author":"Marwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.07.014","article-title":"Should the guidelines for the assessment of the severity of functional mitral regurgitation be redefined?","volume":"7","author":"Beigel","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1109\/10.135540","article-title":"The effects of hematocrit, shear rate, and turbulence on ultrasonic Doppler spectrum from blood","volume":"39","author":"Shung","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)94369-U","article-title":"Use of backscattered Doppler signal intensity in estimation of volume flow ratios","volume":"25","author":"Tacy","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T16:38:03Z","timestamp":1601051883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309510","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037","1468-201X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6037","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-201X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]]}}}