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In amoebiasis and echinococcosis, the pericardium is the structure most frequently involved with consequent pericardial effusion, acute pericarditis, cardiac tamponade or constrictive pericarditis. Chronic hypereosinophilia due to helminth infections, especially filarial infections, has been associated with the development of tropical endomyocardial fibrosis, a severe form of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Schistosomiasis-associated lung vasculature involvement may cause pulmonary hypertension (PH) and <jats:italic>cor pulmonale<\/jats:italic>. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, which is characterised by progressive interstitial fibrosis and restrictive lung disease, may lead to PH and its consequences may occur in the course of filarial infections. Intracardiac rupture of an <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> cyst can cause membrane or secondary cysts embolisation to the lungs or organs supplied by the systemic circulation. Although unusual causes of cardiac disease outside the endemic areas, heart involvement by parasites should be considered in the differential diagnosis especially of myocardial and\/or pericardial diseases of unknown aetiology in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. In this review, we updated and summarised the current knowledge on the major heart diseases caused by protozoan and metazoan parasites, which either involve the heart directly or otherwise influence the heart adversely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]],"date-time":"2017-03-11T20:10:16Z","timestamp":1489263016000},"page":"651-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Cardiac manifestations of parasitic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Maria Carmo P","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton Henriques","family":"Guimar\u00e3es J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Costa","family":"Diamantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio Leo","family":"Gelape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa Cristina Abreu","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100707235372000_103.9.651.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.12"},{"key":"2025100707235372000_103.9.651.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00054-09"},{"key":"2025100707235372000_103.9.651.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1255"},{"key":"2025100707235372000_103.9.651.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-8807(92)90004-8"},{"key":"2025100707235372000_103.9.651.5","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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