{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:43:35Z","timestamp":1791672215927,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the risk for cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CCHDs) among live births in the USA, resulting from various forms of infertility treatments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study is a cross-sectional analysis of live births in the USA from 2011 to 2014. Infertility treatments are categorised into two of the following groups on birth certificates: assisted reproductive technology (ART) fertility treatment (surgical egg removal; eg, in vitro fertilisation and gamete intrafallopian transfer) and non-ART fertility treatment (eg, medical treatment and intrauterine insemination). We compared the risk for CCHD in ART and non-ART fertility treatment groups with those infants whose mothers received no documented fertility treatment and were naturally conceived (NC).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 14 242 267 live births from 2011 to 2014, a total of 101 494 live births were in the ART and 81 242 resulted from non-ART fertility treatments. CCHD prevalence in ART, non-ART and NC groups were 393\/100 892 (0.39%), 210\/80 884 (0.26%) and 10 749\/14 020 749 (0.08%), respectively. As compared with naturally conceiving infants, risk for CCHD was significantly higher among infants born in ART (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.4, 95% CI 2.1 to 2.7) and non-ART fertility treatment groups (aRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2). Absolute risk increase in CCHD due to ART and non-ART treatments were 0.03% and 0.02%,\u2009respectively. A similar pattern was observed when the analysis was restricted to twins, newborns with birth weights under 1500 g and gestational age of less than 32 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest an increased risk for CCHD in infants conceived after all types of infertility treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T12:24:54Z","timestamp":1510835094000},"page":"945-948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cyanotic congenital heart disease following fertility treatments in the United States from 2011 to 2014"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Alireza A","family":"Shamshirsaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhoobin H","family":"Bateni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haleh","family":"Sangi-haghpeykar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E","family":"Arian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Erfani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir A","family":"Shamshirsaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Abuhamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin A","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M","family":"Ramin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Moaddab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiraz A","family":"Maskatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahram","family":"Salmanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keila N","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pardis","family":"Hosseinzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy K","family":"Schutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A","family":"Nassr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Hospital, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary A","family":"Dildy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Belfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6412a1"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh593"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30527-8"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-004-8760-8"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38919.495718.AE"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der443"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh807"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010035"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.9","unstructured":"CDC. 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User Guide to the 2011 Natality Public Use File: CDC, 2014. updated 24 Sep 2014, cited 1 Apr 2017. https:\/\/ftp.cdc.gov\/pub\/Health_Statistics\/NCHS\/Dataset_Documentation\/DVS\/natality\/UserGuide2011.pdf"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births resulting from assisted reproductive technology: comparing birth certificate and national ART surveillance system data, 2011","volume":"63","author":"Thoma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20645","article-title":"Congenital malformations in infants born after in vitro fertilization in Sweden","volume":"88","author":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den387"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.080"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.6.1083"},{"key":"2025092005425014000_104.11.945.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.6.1067"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T12:43:01Z","timestamp":1758372181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037","1468-201X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6037","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-201X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]}}}