{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:16:40Z","timestamp":1788869800278,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To determine the safety and cardiac chronotropic responsiveness to early atropine dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> Retrospective study of 258 patients \u2a7e 70 years who underwent early atropine DSE and 290 patients \u2a7e 70 years who underwent conventional DSE. In the early atropine protocol, atropine was started at 20 \u03bcg\/kg\/min of dobutamine if heart rate was &lt; 100 beats\/min, up to 2 mg. The cardiac chronotropic responsiveness in the elderly was compared with a control group of patients &lt; 70 years matched for sex, myocardial infarction, diabetes, and treatment with \u03b2 blockers and calcium channel blockers.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The dose of dobutamine given to elderly patients was lower during early atropine than during conventional DSE (mean (SD) 29 (7) <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 38 (4) \u03bcg\/kg\/min, p \u200a=\u200a 0.001). Early atropine DSE resulted in diminished incidence of ventricular extrasystoles, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, bradycardia, and hypotension compared with conventional DSE. In comparison with patients &lt; 70 years, elderly patients required lower doses of dobutamine and atropine and achieved a higher percentage of predicted maximum heart rate (92 (9)% <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 88 (10)%, p \u200a=\u200a 0.0001). Except for more common hypotension (16% <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 10%, p \u200a=\u200a 0.004), no other difference in adverse effects was observed between patients \u2a7e 70 and &lt; 70 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Early atropine DSE is a safe strategy in the elderly resulting in lower incidence of minor adverse effects than with the conventional protocol. Elderly patients presented adequate cardiac chronotropic responsiveness to early injections of atropine, requiring lower doses of drugs to reach test end points.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.054445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,29]],"date-time":"2005-03-29T20:24:08Z","timestamp":1112127848000},"page":"1563-1567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Safety and cardiac chronotropic responsiveness to the early injection of atropine during dobutamine stress echocardiography in the elderly"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"J M","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F Cerqueira","family":"Lario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D R","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Kowatsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Sbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Franchini Ramires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"W","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.2.360"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1988.tb02386.x","volume":"36","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420230066008","volume":"154","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00595-X"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00127-1"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(98)70085-9"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euje.2000.0063"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.07.141"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1982.tb02043.x","volume":"14","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1979262181","volume":"26","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0600571","volume":"60","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00527-W"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(98)70132-4"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.3.649"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90508-8"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.047985"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90228-S","volume":"21","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.18","first-page":"355","volume":"15","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025091922194022000_91.12.1563.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marwick T. 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