{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T11:14:30Z","timestamp":1767093270315},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"991","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) can significantly increase morbidity and mortality. It is gaining in clinical and economic importance, being the most commonly encountered tachyarrhythmia in clinical practice. Stroke is the most serious complication. Evidence from AF antithrombotic treatment trials is reviewed, risk stratification of patients with AF is discussed, and recommendations for anticoagulation are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.066944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,14]],"date-time":"2005-09-14T03:23:22Z","timestamp":1126668202000},"page":"252-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antithrombotic treatment in atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"G Y H","family":"Lip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital , Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C J","family":"Boos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital , Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.104.17.2118","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology committee for practice guidelines and policy conferences (committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation) developed in collaboration with the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology","volume":"104","author":"Fuster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2023041909450108400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.429S","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy","volume":"126","author":"Singer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2002.008748","article-title":"Cost of an emerging epidemic: an economic analysis of atrial fibrillation in the UK","volume":"90","author":"Stewart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib4","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias: a clinical approach","author":"Freestone","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2370","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study","volume":"285","author":"Go","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000083722.42033.0A","article-title":"Increasing trends in hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the United States, 1985 through 1999: implications for primary prevention","volume":"108","author":"Wattigney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.10.946","article-title":"Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham heart study","volume":"98","author":"Benjamin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib8"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00003","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Hart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00500-X","article-title":"The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in incident stroke cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Minnesota: changes over three decades","volume":"42","author":"Tsang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000166053.83476.4a","article-title":"Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: results from a population-based study","volume":"36","author":"Marini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.048827","article-title":"Japan Multicenter Stroke Investigators' Collaboration (J-MUSIC). Atrial fibrillation as a predictive factor for severe stroke and early death in 15,831 patients with acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"76","author":"Kimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.06.030","article-title":"Stroke patients with atrial fibrillation have a worse prognosis than patients without: data from the Austrian stroke registry","volume":"25","author":"Steger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00489-1","article-title":"Stroke with intermittent atrial fibrillation: incidence and predictors during aspirin therapy. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators","volume":"35","author":"Hart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.06.032","article-title":"Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation: demographic features and prognostic information from the atrial fibrillation follow-up investigation of rhythm management (AFFIRM) study","volume":"149","author":"Flaker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430200078011","article-title":"Prevalence of residual left atrial thrombi among patients with acute thromboembolism and newly recognized atrial fibrillation","volume":"155","author":"Manning","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92339-X","article-title":"Does atrial fibrillation confer a hypercoagulable state?","volume":"346","author":"Lip","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1159\/000083815","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and the hypercoagulable state: from basic science to clinical practice","volume":"33","author":"Choudhury","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2004.00899.x","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and thrombosis: immunohistochemical differences between in situ and embolized thrombi","volume":"2","author":"Wysokinski","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01984-8","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial of aspirin-clopidogrel combination therapy and dose-adjusted warfarin on indices of thrombogenesis and platelet activation in atrial fibrillation","volume":"40","author":"Kamath","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1160\/TH03-06-0363","article-title":"High D-dimer levels predict cardiovascular events in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation during oral anticoagulant therapy","volume":"90","author":"Vene","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000077912.12202.FC","article-title":"Prognostic value of plasma von Willebrand factor and soluble P-selectin as indices of endothelial damage and platelet activation in 994 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"107","author":"Conway","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7485.238","article-title":"Recent developments in atrial fibrillation","volume":"330","author":"Iqbal","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01107-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of atrial fibrillation: clinical implications","volume":"37","author":"Chugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afi008","article-title":"Anti-thrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation and patients' preferences for treatment","volume":"34","author":"Lane","year":"2005","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7194.1324","article-title":"Implementing evidence based medicine in general practice: audit and qualitative study of antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation","volume":"318","author":"Howitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14841-6","article-title":"Executive Steering Committee on behalf of the SPORTIF III Investigators. Stroke prevention with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF III): randomised controlled trial","volume":"362","author":"Olsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.6.690","article-title":"Ximelagatran versus warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"293","author":"SPORTIF Executive Committee for the SPORTIF V Investigators","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2005.02.005","article-title":"Ximelagatran: a clinical perspective","volume":"16","author":"Boos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x","article-title":"Combined antiplatelet therapy in atrial fibrillation: review of the literature and future avenues","volume":"14","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16721-4","article-title":"MATCH investigators. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"364","author":"Diener","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.12.5.799","article-title":"Factor X inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"2023041909450108400_bib33"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/84\/991\/252\/50021968\/postgradmedj-84-252.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/84\/991\/252\/50021968\/postgradmedj-84-252.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T09:55:02Z","timestamp":1681898102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/84\/991\/252\/7023498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"991","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.2005.066944","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]}}}