{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:42:31Z","timestamp":1791830551016,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish a classification of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) that includes both leaflet morphology and aortic shape.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two academic medical centres of the University of Washington, Seattle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>191 adult patients with BAV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Review of clinical data and transthoracic echocardiograms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of leaflet morphology; valve function; aortic shape and dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified three morphologies: type 1, fusion of right and left coronary cusp (n\u200a=\u200a152); type 2, right and non-coronary fusion (n\u200a=\u200a39); and type 3, left and non-coronary fusion (n\u200a=\u200a1). Comparing type 1 and 2 BAV, there were no significant differences in age, height, weight, blood pressure or aortic valve function. Type 1 was more common in men (69 vs 45%). The aortic sinuses were larger in type 1, while type 2 had larger arch dimensions. Myxomatous mitral valves were more common in type 2 BAV (13% vs 2.6%, p&lt;0.05). Three aortic shapes were defined: normal (N), sinus effacement (E), and ascending dilatation (A). Comparing type 1 to type 2 BAV, shape N was more common in type 1 (60% vs 32%), and type A was more common in type 2 (35% vs 54%,); type E was rare (p&lt;0.01 across all groups).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive BAV phenotype includes aortic shape. Type 1 BAV is associated with male gender and normal aortic shape but a larger sinus diameter. Type 2 leaflet morphology is associated with ascending aorta dilatation , larger arch dimensions and higher prevalence of myxomatous mitral valve disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.132092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,28]],"date-time":"2008-02-28T20:55:24Z","timestamp":1204232124000},"page":"1634-1638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":369,"title":["The bicuspid aortic valve: an integrated phenotypic classification of leaflet morphology and aortic root shape"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"B M","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M B","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K 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