{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:45:37Z","timestamp":1790214337499,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We sought to quantify left atrial longitudinal function by tissue Doppler (TDI) and two-dimensional (2D) strain in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tertiary university hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>43 consecutive patients with familial HCM, aged 49 (SD 18) years, along with 21 patients with non-HCM left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, aged 52 (12) years) and 27 healthy volunteers (aged 42 (13) years).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subjects were studied by both TDI and 2D left atrial strain during all three atrial phases (reservoir, conduit, contractile), as well as by left ventricular systolic strain; total atrial deformation (TAD) was defined as the sum of maximum positive and maximum negative strain during a cardiac cycle.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Left atrial longitudinal function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both TDI and 2D atrial strain and TAD were significantly reduced in HCM, compared to the other two groups in all atrial phases (p&lt;0.001 in most cases); left ventricular systolic strain was also significantly reduced in HCM (p&lt;0.001). Adding 2D contractile atrial strain to a model of conventional echo measurements (including left atrial diameter and volume index, interventricular septal thickness and E\/A ratio and E\/e\u2032 ratios) increased its prognostic value in differentiating HCM from non-HCM LVH (p value of the change &lt;0.001), while addition of TDI atrial strain or left ventricular strain did not. A cut-off for 2D contractile strain of \u221210.82% discriminated HCM from non-HCM LVH with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 81%. Intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities for atrial strain in HCM were 16% and 17.5% for TDI and 8% and 9.5% for 2D, respectively. Processing time per case in HCM was 12.5 (2.6) minutes for TDI versus 3.8 (1.2) minutes for 2D strain (p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Left atrial longitudinal function is reduced in HCM compared to non-HCM LVH and healthy controls. In addition, 2D atrial strain has an additive value in differentiating HCM from non-HCM LVH and it is more reproducible and less time consuming than TDI strain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.146548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,2]],"date-time":"2008-09-02T20:33:49Z","timestamp":1220387629000},"page":"483-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Evaluation of left atrial longitudinal function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a tissue Doppler imaging and two-dimensional strain study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"I 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