{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:07:15Z","timestamp":1787119635749,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A nested case-control study of 75 patients with cardiac device infections (CDI) and 75 matched controls was conducted to evaluate time course, risk factors, culture results and frequency of CDI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CDI occurred in 75\/3410 (2.2%) device implantation and revision procedures, performed between 2000 and 2007. The time delay between device procedure and infection ranged from 0 to 64 months (mean 14 (SD 16)), 21 patients (28%) had an early infection (&lt;1 month), 26 (35%) a late infection (1\u201312 months) and 28 (37%) a delayed infection (&gt;12 months). Of interest, 18 (24%) patients presented with an infection &gt;24 months after the device-related procedure. Time delay until infection was significantly shorter when cultures were positive for micro-organisms compared to negative cultures (8 (12) vs 18 (18) months, p\u200a=\u200a0.03). Pocket cultures in delayed infections remained more often negative (61% vs 23%, p\u200a=\u200a0.01). Independent CDI risk factors were: device revision (odds ratio (OR) 3.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.51 to 8.96), renal dysfunction defined as glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 ml\/min (OR 4.64; CI, 1.48 to 14.62) and oral anticoagulation use (OR 2.83; CI 1.20 to 6.68).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CDI occurred in 2.2% of device procedures, with 24% occurring more than two years after the device-related procedure. Renal dysfunction, device revisions and oral anticoagulation are potent risk factors for CDI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.151985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]],"date-time":"2008-11-26T20:25:23Z","timestamp":1227731123000},"page":"715-720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Risk factors and time delay associated with cardiac device infections: Leiden device registry"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"J C","family":"Lekkerkerker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"van Nieuwkoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Trines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J G","family":"van der Bom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bernards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E T","family":"van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bootsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Zeppenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J W","family":"Jukema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J-W","family":"Borleffs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Schalij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"van Erven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092004081550000_95.9.715.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.06.005"},{"key":"2025092004081550000_95.9.715.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catanchin A Murdock CJ Athan E . 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