{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:08:56Z","timestamp":1780103336273,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Extended walking speed is a predictor of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older individuals, but the ability of an objective short-distance walking speed test to stratify the severity of preclinical conditions remains unclear. This study examined whether performance in an 8-ft walking speed test is associated with metabolic risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Epidemiological cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>530 adults (aged 63\u00b16\u2005years, 50.3% male) from the Whitehall II cohort study with no known history or objective signs of CVD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electron beam computed tomography and ultrasound was used to assess the presence and extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High levels of CAC (Agatston score &gt;100) were detected in 24% of the sample; the mean IMT was 0.75\u2005mm (SD 0.15). Participants with no detectable CAC completed the walking course 0.16\u2005s (95% CI 0.04 to 0.28) faster than those with CAC \u2265400. Objectively assessed, but not self-reported, faster walking speed was associated with a lower risk of high CAC (odds ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.96) and lower IMT (\u03b2=\u22120.04, 95% CI \u22120.01 to \u22120.07\u2005mm) in comparison with the slowest walkers (bottom third), after adjusting for conventional risk factors. Faster walking speed was also associated with lower adiposity, C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Short-distance walking speed is associated with metabolic risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in older adults without overt CVD. These data suggest that a non-aerobically challenging walking test reflects the presence of underlying vascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.183350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,2]],"date-time":"2009-12-02T20:39:52Z","timestamp":1259786392000},"page":"380-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Walking speed and subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy older adults: the Whitehall II study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Hamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Kivimaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avijit","family":"Lahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Yerramasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E","family":"Deanfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Marmot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Steptoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2018"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.10.001"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.765701"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.10.1112"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000181752.16915.5c"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn350"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh372"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.055574"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6890.1429"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.08.032"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.088"},{"key":"2025092006291714000_96.5.380.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunner E Shipley M Spencer V . 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