{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:05:27Z","timestamp":1790755527555,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to air pollution is associated with increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of diesel exhaust inhalation on heart rhythm and heart rate variability in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Double-blind randomised crossover studies in a university teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>32 healthy non-smoking volunteers and 20 patients with prior myocardial infarction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All 52 subjects were exposed for 1\u2005h to dilute diesel exhaust (particle concentration 300\u2005\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) or filtered air.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heart rhythm and heart rate variability were monitored during and for 24\u2005h after the exposure using continuous ambulatory electrocardiography and assessed using standard time and frequency domain analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No significant arrhythmias occurred during or following exposures. Patients with coronary heart disease had reduced autonomic function in comparison to healthy volunteers, with reduced standard deviations of the NN interval (SDNN, p&lt;0.001) and triangular index (p&lt;0.001). Diesel exhaust did not affect heart rate variability compared with filtered air (p&gt;0.05 for all) in healthy volunteers (SDNN 101\u00b16 vs 91\u00b16, triangular index 20\u00b11 vs 21\u00b11) or patients with coronary heart disease (SDNN 47\u00b15 vs 38\u00b14, triangular index 8\u00b11 vs 7\u00b11).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brief exposure to dilute diesel exhaust does not alter heart rhythm or heart rate variability in healthy volunteers or well-treated patients with stable coronary heart disease. Autonomic dysfunction does not appear to be a dominant mechanism that can explain the observed excess in cardiovascular events following exposure to combustion-derived air pollution.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.199042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]],"date-time":"2010-10-21T20:18:57Z","timestamp":1287692337000},"page":"544-550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Diesel exhaust inhalation does not affect heart rhythm or heart rate variability"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Nicholas L","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander E","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel 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