{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:38:20Z","timestamp":1790933900220,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.55.2.198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:46:00Z","timestamp":1190151960000},"page":"198-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Sudden death and vigorous exercise--a study of 60 deaths associated with squash."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"R J","family":"Northcote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Flannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Ballantyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(80)90491-9","article-title":"Sudden death while running, in conditioned runners aged 40 years or over","volume":"45","author":"Waller, B.F.; Roberts, W.C.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Waller BF, Roberts WC. Sudden death while running, in conditioned runners aged 40 years or over. Am J Cardiol 1980; 45: 1292-1300.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03300120019016","article-title":"Death during jogging or running: a study of 18 cases","volume":"242","author":"Thompson, P.D.; Stern, M.P.; Williams, P.; Duncan, K.; Haskell, W.; Wood, P.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Thompson PD, Stern MP, Williams P, Duncan K, Haskell W, Wood P. Death during jogging or running: a study of 18 cases. JAMA 1979; 242: 1265-7.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90845-2","article-title":"Nontraumatic death in joggers. A series of 30 patients at autopsy","volume":"72","author":"Vermani, R.; Robinowitz, M.; McAllister, H.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Vermani R, Robinowitz M, McAllister HA. Nontraumatic death in joggers. A series of 30 patients at autopsy. Am I Med 1982; 72: 874-82.","journal-title":"Am I Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91155-1","article-title":"Sudden death and sport","volume":"i:","author":"Opie, L.H.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Opie LH. Sudden death and sport. Lancet 1975; i: 263-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1235","article-title":"sport and sudden death","volume":"i:","author":"Soldiers, Lynch P.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lynch P. Soldiers, sport and sudden death. Lancet 1980; i: 1235-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"218","article-title":"Sudden death in young athletes","volume":"60","author":"Maron, B.J.; Roberts, W.C.; McAllister, H.A.; Rosing, D.R.; Epstein, S.E.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Maron BJ, Roberts WC, McAllister HA, Rosing DR, Epstein SE. Sudden death in young athletes. Circulation 1980; 60: 218-29.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6402.1357","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death in sport","volume":"287","author":"Northcote, R.J.; Ballantyne, D.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Northcote RJ, Ballantyne D. Sudden cardiac death in sport. Br Med J 1983; 287: 1357-9.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90073-4","article-title":"Sudden death in squash players","volume":"i:","author":"Northcote, R.J.; Evans, A.D.B.; Ballantyne, D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Northcote RJ, Evans ADB, Ballantyne D. Sudden death in squash players. Lancet 1984; i: 148-51.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.51.4.606","article-title":"Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death","volume":"51","author":"Kannel, W.B.; Doyle, J.T.; McNamara, P.M.; Quikenton, P.; Gordon, T.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kannel WB, Doyle JT, McNamara PM, Quikenton P, Gordon T. Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death. Circulation 1975; 51: 606-13.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.52.6.1056","article-title":"Prodromata of myocardial infarction and sudden deaths","volume":"52","author":"Alonzo, A.A.; Simon, A.B.; Feinlab, M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Alonzo AA, Simon AB, Feinlab M. Prodromata of myocardial infarction and sudden deaths. Circulation 1975; 52: 1056-62.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196707000-00003","article-title":"An epidemiological study of sudden and unexpected deaths in adults","volume":"46","author":"Kuller, L.; Lillienfield, A.; Fisher, R.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kuller L, Lillienfield A, Fisher R. An epidemiological study of sudden and unexpected deaths in adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 1967; 46: 341-61.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03220390021005","article-title":"Instantaneous and sudden deaths: clinical and pathological differentiation in coronary artery disease","volume":"225","author":"Friedman, M.; Manaaring, J.H.; Rosenman, R.H.; Donlon, G.; Ortega, P.; Grube, S.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Friedman M, Manaaring JH, Rosenman RH, Donlon G, Ortega P, Grube SM. Instantaneous and sudden deaths: clinical and pathological differentiation in coronary artery disease. JAMA 1973; 225: 1319-28.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197707072970103","article-title":"Longterm prognosis of mitral valve prolapse","volume":"297","author":"Mills, P.; Rose, J.; Hollingsworth, J.; Amara, I.; Craige, E.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Mills P, Rose J, Hollingsworth J, Amara I, Craige E. Longterm prognosis of mitral valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 1977; 297: 13-8.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90717-8","article-title":"Sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: characterisation of 26 patients without previous functional limitation","volume":"41","author":"Maron, B.J.; Roberts, W.C.; Edwards, J.E.; McAllister, H.A.; Foley, D.D.; Epstein, S.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Maron BJ, Roberts WC, Edwards JE, McAllister HA, Foley DD, Epstein SE. Sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: characterisation of 26 patients without previous functional limitation. Am I Cardiol 1978; 41: 803-10.","journal-title":"Am I Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-67-5-1013","article-title":"Sudden death in young athletes","volume":"67","author":"James, T.N.; Froggatt, P.; Marshall, T.K.","year":"1967","unstructured":"James TN, Froggatt P, Marshall TK. Sudden death in young athletes. Ann Intern Med 1967; 67: 1013-21.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"289","article-title":"Sudden death in runners","volume":"96","author":"Jackson, R.T.; Beaglehole, R.; Sharpe, N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jackson RT, Beaglehole R, Sharpe N. Sudden death in runners. NZ-Med e 1983; 96: 289-92."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/4.suppl_F.135","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a common cause of sudden death in the young competitive athlete","volume":"4","author":"Maron, B.J.; Epstein, S.E.; Roberts, W.C.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Maron BJ, Epstein SE, Roberts WC. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a common cause of sudden death in the young competitive athlete. Eur Heart J 1983; 4 (suppl F): 135-44.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Exercise, rugby football and infection","volume":"50","author":"Barlow, J.B.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Barlow JB. Exercise, rugby football and infection. S Afr MedI 1976; 50: 1351.","journal-title":"S Afr MedI"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(81)90336-7","article-title":"Recent advances in clinical histopathologic correlates of sudden cardiac death","volume":"102","author":"Rossi, L.; Thieve, G.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rossi L, Thieve G. Recent advances in clinical histopathologic correlates of sudden cardiac death. Am Heart J 1981; 102: 478-84.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405033101801","article-title":"Thombosis and acute coronary artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischaemic death","volume":"310","author":"Davies, M.J.; Thomas, A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Thomas A. Thombosis and acute coronary artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischaemic death. N EnglI Med 1984; 310: 1137-40.","journal-title":"N EnglI Med"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"452","article-title":"Metabolic fuels during and after severe exercise in athletes and nonathletes","volume":"i:","author":"Johnson, R.H.; Walton, J.L.; Krebs, H.A.; Williamson, D.M.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Johnson RH, Walton JL, Krebs HA, Williamson DM. Metabolic fuels during and after severe exercise in athletes and nonathletes. Lancet 1969; i: 452-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"225","article-title":"The role of free fatty acids in the production of ventricular arrhythmias after acute coronary artery occlusion. Eur i Clin Invest","volume":"1","author":"Kurien, V.A.; Yates, P.A.; Oliver, M.F.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kurien VA, Yates PA, Oliver MF. The role of free fatty acids in the production of ventricular arrhythmias after acute coronary artery occlusion. Eur i Clin Invest 1971; 1: 225-41."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"987","article-title":"Thrombosis associated with mobilisation of fatty acids","volume":"43","author":"Hoak, J.C.; Poole, J.C.F.; Robinson, D.S.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hoak JC, Poole JCF, Robinson DS. Thrombosis associated with mobilisation of fatty acids. Am J Pathol 1963; 43: 987-98.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref_24","first-page":"455","article-title":"Catecholamine induced myocardial hypoxia in the presence of impaired coronary dilatability independent of external cardiac work","volume":"1962","author":"Raab, W.; Van Lith, P.; Lepeschin, E.; Herrlich, H.C.","unstructured":"Raab W, Van Lith P, Lepeschin E, Herrlich HC. Catecholamine induced myocardial hypoxia in the presence of impaired coronary dilatability independent of external cardiac work. Am I Cardiol 1962; 9: 455-70.","journal-title":"Am I Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.3.1040","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis of exercise in healthy males","volume":"21","author":"Bouhuys, A.; Poole, J.; Binhorsl, R.A.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bouhuys A, Poole J, Binhorsl RA, et al. Metabolic acidosis of exercise in healthy males. I Appl Physiol 1966; 21: 1040-6.","journal-title":"I Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0670427","article-title":"Arterial plasma potassium measured continuously during exercise in man","volume":"67","author":"Linton, R.A.F.; Lim, M.; WolffCB, Wilmhurst; P, Band; D.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Linton RAF, Lim M, WolffCB, Wilmhurst P, Band DM. Arterial plasma potassium measured continuously during exercise in man. Clin Sci 1984; 67: 427-31.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1982.tb55203.x","article-title":"Sudden coronary death: the Framingham study","volume":"382","author":"Kannel, W.B.; HE, Jr, Thomas","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kannel WB, Thomas HE Jr. Sudden coronary death: the Framingham study. Ann NY Acad Sci 1982; 382: 3-21.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.37.11.1133","article-title":"Circumstances attending 100 sudden deaths from coronary artery disease with coroner's necropsies","volume":"37","author":"Myers, A.; Dewar, H.A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Myers A, Dewar HA. Circumstances attending 100 sudden deaths from coronary artery disease with coroner's necropsies. Br Heart J 1975; 37: 1133-43.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"372","article-title":"Ambulatory electrocardiography in squash players. Br Heart j 1983; 50","author":"Northcote, R.J.; MacFarlane, P.; Ballantyne, D.","unstructured":"Northcote RJ, MacFarlane P, Ballantyne D. Ambulatory electrocardiography in squash players. Br Heart j 1983; 50: 372-7."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.63.6.1199","article-title":"Review Panel on Coronary-Prone Behaviour and Coronary Heart Disease. Coronary-prone behaviour and coronary heart disease: a critical review","volume":"63","year":"1981","unstructured":"Review Panel on Coronary-Prone Behaviour and Coronary Heart Disease. Coronary-prone behaviour and coronary heart disease: a critical review. Circulation 1981; 63: 1199-215.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"12","article-title":"Type A behaviour, observations on the past decade","volume-title":"Heart Lung","volume":"11","author":"Chesney, M.A.; Rosenman, R.H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chesney MA, Rosenman RH. Type A behaviour, observations on the past decade. Heart Lung 1982; 11: 12-9."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-5-771","article-title":"Sudden and rapid death during psychological stress. Folklore or folk wisdom?","volume":"74","author":"Engel, G.L.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Engel GL. Sudden and rapid death during psychological stress. Folklore or folk wisdom? Ann Intern Med 1971; 74: 771-82.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90806-3","article-title":"Mental stress, arrhythmias and sudden death","volume":"72","author":"Lown, B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lown B. Mental stress, arrhythmias and sudden death. Am I Med 1982; 72: 177-80.","journal-title":"Am I Med"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.55.2.198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T01:00:30Z","timestamp":1601082030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.55.2.198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,2,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.55.2.198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6037","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,2,1]]}}}