{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:59:25Z","timestamp":1788994765563,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.60.6.512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:46:00Z","timestamp":1190151960000},"page":"512-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Fetal complete heart block."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"M V","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Tynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P V","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L D","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Sur une maladie infantile et familiale caracterisee par des modifications permanentes du pouls, des attaques syncopales et epileptiformes et la morte subite","volume":"1901","author":"Morquio, L.","unstructured":"Morquio L. Sur une maladie infantile et familiale caracterisee par des modifications permanentes du pouls, des attaques syncopales et epileptiformes et la morte subite. Archives Medicine des Enfants 1901;4:467.","journal-title":"Archives Medicine des Enfants"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"943","article-title":"Congenital heart block","volume":"i:","author":"Aylward, R.D.","year":"1928","unstructured":"Aylward RD. Congenital heart block. Br Med J 1928; i:943.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)28182-3","article-title":"Congenital heart block","volume":"ii:","author":"Aitken, J.K.","year":"1932","unstructured":"Aitken JK. Congenital heart block. Lancet 1932;ii: 1375-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(63)90294-7","article-title":"Mixed levocardia with ventricular inversion (corrected transposition) with complete atrioventricular block","volume":"12","author":"Lev, M.; Fielding, R.T.; Zaeske, D.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Lev M, Fielding RT, Zaeske D. Mixed levocardia with ventricular inversion (corrected transposition) with complete atrioventricular block. Am J Cardiol 1963; 12:875-83.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.41.220.688","article-title":"Congenital heart block and widespread fibrosis due to maternal lupus erythematosus","volume":"41","author":"Hull, D.; Binns, B.A.O.; Joyce, D.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hull D, Binns BAO, Joyce D. Congenital heart block and widespread fibrosis due to maternal lupus erythematosus. Arch Dis Child 1966;41:688-90.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(85)80039-9","article-title":"Congenital complete heart block and SSA antibodies: obstetric implications","volume":"152","author":"Singsen, B.H.; Akhter, J.E.; Weinstein, M.M.; Sharp, G.C.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Singsen BH, Akhter JE, Weinstein MM, Sharp GC. Congenital complete heart block and SSA antibodies: obstetric implications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152:655-8.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198307283090403","article-title":"Connective tissue disease, antibodies to ribonucleoprotein and congenital heart block","volume":"309","year":"1983","unstructured":"Scott JS, Maddison PJ, Esscher E, Scott 0, Skinner RP. Connective tissue disease, antibodies to ribonucleoprotein and congenital heart block. N Engl J Med 1983;309:209-12.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"117","article-title":"Characterisation of a soluble cytoplasmic antigen reactive with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"102","author":"Clark, G.M.; Reichlin, M.; Tomasi, T.B.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Clark GM, Reichlin M, Tomasi TB. Characterisation of a soluble cytoplasmic antigen reactive with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 1969;102:117-22.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(45)90220-1","article-title":"Complete atrioventricular block in a fetus","volume":"30","author":"Plant, R.K.; Steven, R.A.","year":"1945","unstructured":"Plant RK, Steven RA. Complete atrioventricular block in a fetus. Am Heart J 1945;30:615-8.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.50.3.240","article-title":"Evaluation of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography","volume":"50","author":"Allan, L.D.; Anderson, R.H.; Sullivan, I.D.; Campbell, S.; Holt, D.W.; Tynan, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Allan LD, Anderson RH, Sullivan ID, Campbell S, Holt DW, Tynan M. Evaluation of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography. Br Heart J 1983;50:240-5.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias using echocardiographic and Doppler techniques","volume":"9","author":"Steinfeld, L.; Rappaport, H.L.; Rossbach, C.; Martinez, E.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Steinfeld L, Rappaport HL, Rossbach C, Martinez E. Diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias using echocardiographic and Doppler techniques. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;9:1425-33.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.52.5.542","article-title":"Echocardiographic and anatomical correlations in fetal congenital heart disease","volume":"52","author":"Allan, L.D.; Crawford, D.C.; Anderson, R.H.; Tynan, M.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Allan LD, Crawford DC, Anderson RH, Tynan MJ. Echocardiographic and anatomical correlations in fetal congenital heart disease. Br Heart J 1984;52: 542-8.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.54.5.523","article-title":"Spectrum of congenital heart disease detected echocardiographically in prenatal life","volume":"54","author":"DC, Allan L.D.Crawford; RH, Anderson; M, Tynan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Allan LD Crawford DC, Anderson RH, Tynan M. Spectrum of congenital heart disease detected echocardiographically in prenatal life. Br Heart J 1985; 54:523-6.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(81)90327-1","article-title":"Left isomerism and complete atrioventricular block: a report of six cases","volume":"48","author":"Garcia, O.L.; Mehta, A.V.; Pickoff, A.S.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Garcia OL, Mehta AV, Pickoff AS, et al. Left isomerism and complete atrioventricular block: a report of six cases. Am J Cardiol 1981;48:1103-10.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.59.3.352","article-title":"Atrioventricular septal defect in prenatal life","volume":"59","author":"Machado, M.V.L.; Crawford, D.C.; Anderson, R.H.; Allan, L.D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Machado MVL, Crawford DC, Anderson RH, Allan LD. Atrioventricular septal defect in prenatal life. Br Heart J 1988;59:352-5.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.56.1.82","article-title":"Congenital heart block in newborns of mothers with connective tissue disease","volume":"56","author":"McCue, C.M.; Mantakas, M.E.; Tingelstad, J.B.; Ruddy, S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"McCue CM, Mantakas ME, Tingelstad JB, Ruddy S. Congenital heart block in newborns of mothers with connective tissue disease. Circulation 1977;56:82-90.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"823","article-title":"Congenital heart block and familial connective tissue disease","volume":"10","author":"Lanham, J.G.; Walport, M.J.; Hughes, G.R.V.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lanham JG, Walport MJ, Hughes GRV. Congenital heart block and familial connective tissue disease. J Rheumatol 1983;10:823-5.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1983.tb09330.x","article-title":"Congenital heart block associated with maternal primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Paredes, R.A.; Morgan, H.; Lachelin, G.C.L.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Paredes RA, Morgan H, Lachelin GCL. Congenital heart block associated with maternal primary Sjogren's syndrome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1983;90: 870-1.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501103120206","article-title":"Maternal tissue disease and congenital heart block","volume":"312","author":"Litsey, S.E.; Noonan, J.A.; O'Connor, W.N.; Cottrill, C.M.; Mitchell, B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Litsey SE, Noonan JA, O'Connor WN, Cottrill CM, Mitchell B. Maternal tissue disease and congenital heart block. N Engl J Med 1985;312:98-100.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(71)90410-3","article-title":"Lack of connection between the atria and the more peripheral conduction system in congenital atrioventricular block","volume":"27","author":"Lev, M.; Silverman, J.; Fitzmaurice, F.M.; Paul, M.H.; Cassells, D.E.; Miller, R.A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Lev M, Silverman J, Fitzmaurice FM, Paul MH, Cassells DE, Miller RA. Lack of connection between the atria and the more peripheral conduction system in congenital atrioventricular block. Am J Cardiol 1971; 27:481-90.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.56.1.90","article-title":"Congenitally complete heart block: developmental aspects","volume":"56","author":"Anderson, R.H.; Wenick, A.C.G.; Losekoot, T.G.; Becker, A.E.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Anderson RH, Wenick ACG, Losekoot TG, Becker AE. Congenitally complete heart block: developmental aspects. Circulation 1977;56:90-101.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90064-0","article-title":"Anatomy of congenital heart block and relation to maternal anti-Ro antibodies","volume":"58","author":"Ho, S.Y.; Esscher, E.; Anderson, R.A.; Michaelsson, M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ho SY, Esscher E, Anderson RA, Michaelsson M. Anatomy of congenital heart block and relation to maternal anti-Ro antibodies. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58:291-4.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"Pacemaker therapy for conduction defects in the pediatric population","volume-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias in the neonate, infant and child","author":"Gamble, W.J.; Owens, J.P.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gamble WJ, Owens JP. Pacemaker therapy for conduction defects in the pediatric population. In: Roberts NK, Gelband H, eds. Cardiac arrhythmias in the neonate, infant and child. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1977:chapter 17,469-525."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"14346","article-title":"Fetal ventricular pacing for hydrops secondary to complete atrioventricular block","volume":"8","author":"Carpenter, R.J.; Strasburger, J.F.; Garson, A.; Smith, R.T.; Russel, L.D.; Engelhardt, H.T.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Carpenter RJ, Strasburger JF, Garson A, Smith RT, Russel LD, Engelhardt HT. Fetal ventricular pacing for hydrops secondary to complete atrioventricular block. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;8:14346.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"640","article-title":"Congenital heart block due to a lesion in the conduction system","volume":"45","author":"Sotelo-Avila, C.; Rosenberg, H.S.; McNamara, D.G.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sotelo-Avila C, Rosenberg HS, McNamara DG. Congenital heart block due to a lesion in the conduction system. Pediatrics 1970;45:640-50.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"85","article-title":"Congenital complete heart block: an international study of the natural history","volume":"4","author":"Michaelsson, M.; Engle, M.A.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Michaelsson M, Engle MA. Congenital complete heart block: an international study of the natural history. Cardiovasc Clin 1972;4:85-101.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Clin"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.57.1.163","article-title":"The course of the conduction system in dextrocardia","volume":"57","author":"Bharati, S.; Lev, M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bharati S, Lev M. The course of the conduction system in dextrocardia. Circulation 1978;57:163-71.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"495","article-title":"Right juxtaposition of the auricular appendages","volume":"4","author":"Anderson, R.H.; Smith, A.; Wilkinson, J.L.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Anderson RH, Smith A, Wilkinson JL. Right juxtaposition of the auricular appendages. Eur J Cardiol 1976;4:495-503.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.59.5.879","article-title":"The cardiac conduction system in situs ambiguus","volume":"59","author":"Dickinson, D.F.; Wilkinson, J.L.; Anderson, K.R.; Smith, A.; Ho, S.Y.; Anderson, R.A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dickinson DF, Wilkinson JL, Anderson KR, Smith A, Ho SY, Anderson RA. The cardiac conduction system in situs ambiguus. Circulation 1979;59:879-85.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"99","article-title":"The conduction system of the heart","author":"Davies, M.J.; Anderson, R.H.; Becker, A.E.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Anderson RH, Becker AE. The conduction system of the heart. London: Butterworth, 1983:99-159."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_31","first-page":"199","article-title":"Complete atrioventricular canal associated with conotruncal malformations: anatomical observations in 13 specimens","volume":"9","author":"Thiene, G.; Frescura, C.; DiDonato, R.; Gallucci, V.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Thiene G, Frescura C, DiDonato R, Gallucci V. Complete atrioventricular canal associated with conotruncal malformations: anatomical observations in 13 specimens. Eur J Cardiol 1979;9\/3:199-213.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80057-2","article-title":"Double outlet right ventricle associated with common atrioventricular canal: report of nine anatomic specimens","volume":"8","author":"Toussaint, M.; Planche, C.; GraffWC, Royon; M, Ribierre; M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Toussaint M, Planche C, GraffWC, Royon M, Ribierre M. Double outlet right ventricle associated with common atrioventricular canal: report of nine anatomic specimens. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;8:396-","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.60.6.512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T01:04:35Z","timestamp":1601082275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.60.6.512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,12,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.60.6.512","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6037","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,12,1]]}}}