{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:45:35Z","timestamp":1780393535981,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.71.2.196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:46:00Z","timestamp":1190151960000},"page":"196-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Outcome of pregnancy in women with valve prostheses."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Sbarouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370040151026","article-title":"Is the dose of warfarin prescribed by American physicians unnecessarily high?","volume":"147","author":"Hirsh, J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hirsh J. Is the dose of warfarin prescribed by American physicians unnecessarily high? Arch Intern Med 1987; 147:769-71.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-6-814","article-title":"The hypercoagulable States","volume":"102","author":"Shaper, A.G.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shaper AG. The hypercoagulable States. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:814-28.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)64137-9","article-title":"Cardiac valve prostheses, anticoagulation and pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Limet, R.; Grondin, C.M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Limet R, Grondin CM. Cardiac valve prostheses, anticoagulation and pregnancy. Ann Thorac Surg 1977;23: 337-41.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"The problem of cardiac valve prostheses: anticoagulants and pregnancy","volume":"70","author":"Salazar, E.; Zajarias, A.; Gutiarraz, N.; Iturbe, I.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Salazar E, Zajarias A, Gutiarraz N, Iturbe I. The problem of cardiac valve prostheses: anticoagulants and pregnancy. Circulation 1984;70(suppl 1):169-77.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.40.020189.000455","article-title":"Anticoagulants during pregnancy","volume":"40","author":"Ginsberg, J.S.; Hirsch, J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ginsberg JS, Hirsch J. Anticoagulants during pregnancy. Ann Rev Med 1989;40:79-86.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Med"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390100059015","article-title":"Heparin therapy during pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"Ginsberg, J.S.; Kowalchuk, G.; Hirsch, J.; Brill-Edwards, P.; Burrows, R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ginsberg JS, Kowalchuk G, Hirsch J, Brill-Edwards P, Burrows R. Heparin therapy during pregnancy. Ann Intern Med 1989;149:2233-6.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients after valve replacement","volume":"38","author":"Oakley, C.; Doherty, P.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Oakley C, Doherty P. Pregnancy in patients after valve replacement. Br HeartJ7 1976;38:1140-8."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.3.540","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients after homograft cardiac valve replacement","volume":"83","author":"Denbow, C.E.; Matadial, L.; Sivapragasam, S.; Spencer, H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Denbow CE, Matadial L, Sivapragasam S, Spencer H. Pregnancy in patients after homograft cardiac valve replacement. Chest 1983;83:540-1.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.84.1.26","article-title":"Pregnancy in 20 patients with bioprosthetic valve replacement","volume":"84","author":"Nunez, L.; Larrea, J.L.; Aguado, M.G.; Reque, J.A.; Matorras, R.; Minguez, J.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Nunez L, Larrea JL, Aguado MG, Reque JA, Matorras R, Minguez JA. Pregnancy in 20 patients with bioprosthetic valve replacement. Chest 1983;84:26-8.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(82)90416-7","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients with a porcine valve prosthesis","volume":"50","author":"Bortolloti, U.; Milano, A.; Mazzucco, A.; Valgre, C.; Russo, R.; Valente, M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bortolloti U, Milano A, Mazzucco A, Valgre C, Russo R, Valente M, et al. Pregnancy in patients with a porcine valve prosthesis. AmJ Cardiol 1982;50:1051-4.","journal-title":"AmJ Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"179","article-title":"Pregnancy and childbeanrng in a population with biologic valvular prostheses","volume-title":"I Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","volume":"102","author":"Badduke, E.R.; Jamieson, R.E.; Miyashima, R.T.; Munro, A.I.; Gerein, A.N.; MacNab, J.; Tyers, G.F.O.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Badduke ER, Jamieson RE, Miyashima RT, Munro AI, Gerein AN, MacNab J, Tyers GFO. Pregnancy and childbeanrng in a population with biologic valvular prostheses. I Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;102:179-86."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"358","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic heart valves: an experience with 45 pregnancies","volume":"51","author":"Chen, W.W.C.; Chan, C.S.; Lee, P.K.; Wang, R.Y.C.; Wong, V.C.W.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chen WWC, Chan CS, Lee PK, Wang RYC, Wong VCW. Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic heart valves: an experience with 45 pregnancies. Q J7 Med 1982;51:358-65.","journal-title":"Q J7 Med"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.55.1.101","article-title":"Cardiac valve prostheses, anticoagulation and pregnancy","volume":"55","author":"M, Ben Ismail; F, Abid; S, Trabeisi; M, Tarktak; M, Fekih","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ben Ismail M, Abid F, Trabeisi S, Tarktak M, Fekih M. Cardiac valve prostheses, anticoagulation and pregnancy. Br HeartJ 1986;55:101-5.","journal-title":"Br HeartJ"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3109\/14017438809106045","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves-A 10 year experience","volume":"22","author":"Pavankumar, P.; Venugopal, P.; Kaul, U.; Lyer, K.S.; Sas, B.; Sampathkumar, A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pavankumar P, Venugopal P, Kaul U, Lyer KS, Sas B, Sampathkumar A, et al. Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves-A 10 year experience. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;22:19-22.","journal-title":"Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90008-8","article-title":"Maternal and fetal sequelae of anticoagulation during pregnancy in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses","volume":"63","author":"Sareli, P.; England, M.J.; Berk, M.R.; Marcus, R.H.; Epstein, M.; Driscoll, J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sareli P, England MJ, Berk MR, Marcus RH, Epstein M, Driscoll J, et al. Maternal and fetal sequelae of anticoagulation during pregnancy in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Am J Cardiol 1989; 63:1462-5.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"459","article-title":"Pregnancy and mechanical valve prostheses is a high risk situation for the mother and the fetus","volume":"36","author":"Larrea, J.L.; Nunez, L.; Reque, J.E.; Gil Aguado, M.; Matarros, R.; Mingues, J.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Larrea JL, Nunez L, Reque JE, Gil Aguado M, Matarros R, Mingues JA. Pregnancy and mechanical valve prostheses is a high risk situation for the mother and the fetus. Ann Thorac Surg 1983;36:459-63."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1390","article-title":"Risks of anticoagulant therapy in pregnancy in women with artificial heart valves","volume-title":"N EnglY7Med","volume":"27","year":"1986","unstructured":"Iturbe-Alessio I, Delcarmen Fonseca M, Mutchinik D, Mutchinik 0, Santos MA, Zajarias A, Salazar E. Risks of anticoagulant therapy in pregnancy in women with artificial heart valves. N EnglY7Med 1986;27:1390-3."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6569.428","article-title":"Anticoagulants","volume":"294","author":"de Swiet M","year":"1987","unstructured":"de Swiet M. Anticoagulants. BMJ 1987;294:428-30.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1984.tb15077.x","article-title":"Follow-up study of children whose mothers were treated with warfarin during pregnancy","volume":"91","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chong MKB, Harvey D, de Swiet MD. Follow-up study of children whose mothers were treated with warfarin during pregnancy. BrJ Obstet Gynaecol 1984;91:1070-3.","journal-title":"BrJ Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Hazards of oral anticoagulation during pregnancy","volume":"243","author":"Stevenson, R.E.; Burton, M.; Ferlauto, G.R.; Taylor, H.A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Stevenson RE, Burton M, Ferlauto GR, Taylor HA. Hazards of oral anticoagulation during pregnancy. JAMA4 1980;243: 1549-51."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(76)90330-2","article-title":"Alvarez-de la Cadena 0, Noriega-Guera L. The course of pregnancy in patients with artificial heart valves","volume":"61","author":"Ibarra-Perez, C.; Aravalo-Toledo, N.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ibarra-Perez C, Aravalo-Toledo N, Alvarez-de la Cadena 0, Noriega-Guera L. The course of pregnancy in patients with artificial heart valves. Am J Med 1976; 61:504-12.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(78)90423-4","article-title":"Pregnancy and the complications following cardiac valve prostheses","volume":"131","author":"Lutz, D.J.; Nollar, K.L.; Spittal, J.A.; Danielson, G.K.; Fish, C.R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lutz DJ, Nollar KL, Spittal JA, Danielson GK, Fish CR. Pregnancy and the complications following cardiac valve prostheses. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1978;131:460-8.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"221","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves: our experience regarding 98 pregnancies in 57 patients","volume":"27","author":"Vitali, E.; Donatelli, F.; Quaini, E.; Gropelli, G.; Pellegrini, A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Vitali E, Donatelli F, Quaini E, Gropelli G, Pellegrini A. Pregnancy in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves: our experience regarding 98 pregnancies in 57 patients. J Cardiovasc Surg 1986;27:221-7.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"961","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves","volume":"65","author":"Guidozzi, F.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Guidozzi F. Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. SAfrMedJ 1984;65:961-3.","journal-title":"SAfrMedJ"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(91)90813-K","article-title":"Pregnancy and its complications after cardiac valve replacement","volume":"35","author":"Ayan, A.; Yapar, E.G.; Yuce, K.; Kinciki, H.A.; Nazli, N.; Ozmen, F.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ayan A, Yapar EG, Yuce K, Kinciki HA, Nazli N, Ozmen F. Pregnancy and its complications after cardiac valve replacement. IntJ Gynecol Obstet 1991;35:117-22.","journal-title":"IntJ Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1983.tb06458.x","article-title":"The risks of antenatal subcutaneous prophylaxis: a controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Howell, R.; Fidler, J.; Letsky, E.; De Swiet, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Howell R, Fidler J, Letsky E, De Swiet M. The risks of antenatal subcutaneous prophylaxis: a controlled trial. BrJ Obstet Gynaecol 1983;90: 1124-8.","journal-title":"BrJ Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80116-4","article-title":"Combined use of warfarin and adjusted heparin during pregnancy in patients with artificial valves","volume":"8","author":"Lee, P.K.; Wang, R.Y.C.; Cho, J.S.F.; Cheung, K.L.; Wong, V.C.W.; Chan, T.K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lee PK, Wang RYC, Cho JSF, Cheung KL, Wong VCW, Chan TK. Combined use of warfarin and adjusted heparin during pregnancy in patients with artificial valves. JAm Coil Cardiol 1986;8:221-4.","journal-title":"JAm Coil Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"126","article-title":"Efficacy of low dose subcutaneously administered heparin in treatment of pregnant women with artificial heart valves","volume-title":"MedJAust","volume":"2","author":"Wang, R.Y.C.; Lee, P.K.; Chow, J.F.; Chen, W.W.C.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wang RYC, Lee PK, Chow JF, Chen WWC. Efficacy of low dose subcutaneously administered heparin in treatment of pregnant women with artificial heart valves. MedJAust 1983;2:126-7."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(91)90039-M","article-title":"Coumarin Anticoagulation during pregnancy in patients with mechanical valve prostheses","volume":"5","author":"Cotrufo, M.; de Luca, T.S.L.; Calabro, R.; Mastrogiovanni, G.; Lama, D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cotrufo M, de Luca TSL, Calabro R, Mastrogiovanni G, Lama D. Coumarin Anticoagulation during pregnancy in patients with mechanical valve prostheses. Eur Jf Cardiothorac Surg 1991;5:300-5.","journal-title":"Eur Jf Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"126","article-title":"Efficacy of low dose subcutaneously administered heparin in treatment of pregnant women with artificial heart valves","volume-title":"MedJAust","volume":"2","author":"Wang, R.Y.C.; Lee, P.K.; Chow, J.F.; Chen, W.W.C.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wang RYC, Lee PK, Chow JF, Chen WWC. Efficacy of low dose subcutaneously administered heparin in treatment of pregnant women with artificial heart valves. MedJAust 1983;2:126-7."}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.71.2.196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T01:05:04Z","timestamp":1601082304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.71.2.196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.71.2.196","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6037","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]]}}}