{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:56:03Z","timestamp":1787932563414,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.71.6.588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T21:46:00Z","timestamp":1190151960000},"page":"588-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Incidence and prognosis of obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract in Liverpool (1960-91): a study of 313 patients."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Kitchiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Malaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Peart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90286-V","article-title":"Management of fixed subaortic stenosis: a retrospective study of 57 cases","volume":"19","author":"de Vries AG; J, Hess; M, Witsenburg; MAE, Frohn-Mulder; JJC, Bogers; E, Bos","year":"1992","unstructured":"de Vries AG, Hess J, Witsenburg M, Frohn-Mulder MAE, Bogers JJC, Bos E. Management of fixed subaortic stenosis: a retrospective study of 57 cases. J Am Coil Cardiol 1992;19:1013-7.","journal-title":"J Am Coil Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)92837-R","article-title":"Natural history of supravalvular aortic stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis","volume":"15","author":"Wren, C.; Oslizlok, P.; Bull, C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wren C, Oslizlok P, Bull C. Natural history of supravalvular aortic stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis. JAm Coil Cardiol 1990;15:1625-30.","journal-title":"JAm Coil Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.69.1.71","article-title":"The incidence and prognosis of congenital aortic valve stenosis in Liverpool (1960-1990)","volume":"69","author":"Kitchiner, D.J.; Jackson, M.; Walsh, K.; Peart, I.; Arnold, R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kitchiner DJ, Jackson M, Walsh K, Peart I, Arnold R. The incidence and prognosis of congenital aortic valve stenosis in Liverpool (1960-1990). Br HeartJ 1993;69: 71-9.","journal-title":"Br HeartJ"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"457","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan, E.L.; Meier, P.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American StatistcalAssociation 1958;53:457-81.","journal-title":"Journal of the American StatistcalAssociation"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1986.10478314","article-title":"Turner (junior) MB. The decomposition of time varying hazard into phases, each incorporating a separate stream of concomitant information","volume":"81","author":"Blackstone, E.H.; Naftel, D.C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Blackstone EH, Naftel DC, Turner (junior) MB. The decomposition of time varying hazard into phases, each incorporating a separate stream of concomitant information. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1986;81:615-24.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.27.3.426","article-title":"Congenital aortic stenosis. I. Clinical and hemodynamic findings in 100 patients","volume":"27","author":"Braunwald, E.; Goldblatt, A.; Aygen, M.M.; Rockoff, S.D.; Morrow, A.G.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Braunwald E, Goldblatt A, Aygen MM, Rockoff SD, Morrow AG. Congenital aortic stenosis. I. Clinical and hemodynamic findings in 100 patients. Circulation 1963; 27:426-50.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"4","article-title":"Aortic stenosis","volume":"III):","author":"Hohn, A.R.; Van Praagh, S.; Moore, A.A.D.; Vlad, P.; Lambert, E.C.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Hohn AR, Van Praagh S, Moore AAD, Vlad P, Lambert EC. Aortic stenosis. Circulation 1965;31(suppl III): 4-12.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref_8","first-page":"514","article-title":"The natural history of congenital aortic stenosis","volume":"1968","author":"Campbell, M.","unstructured":"Campbell M. The natural history of congenital aortic stenosis. Br HeartJ 1968;30:514-26.","journal-title":"Br HeartJ"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.31.4.586","article-title":"Pathology of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction","volume":"31","author":"Edwards, J.E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Edwards JE. Pathology of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Circulation 1965;31:586-99.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"47","article-title":"Longterm follow-up of congenital aortic stenosis after surgery","volume":"34","author":"Shackleton, J.; Edwards, F.R.; Bickford, B.J.; Jones, R.S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Shackleton J, Edwards FR, Bickford BJ, Jones RS. Longterm follow-up of congenital aortic stenosis after surgery. BrHeartJ 1972;34:47-51.","journal-title":"BrHeartJ"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90037-X","article-title":"Serial haemodynamic observations in congenital valvular and subvalvular aortic stenosis","volume":"89","author":"Mody, M.R.; Mody, G.T.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mody MR, Mody GT. Serial haemodynamic observations in congenital valvular and subvalvular aortic stenosis. Am HeartJ 1975;89:137-43.","journal-title":"Am HeartJ"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref_12","first-page":"218","article-title":"Congenital aortic stenosis","volume":"1962","author":"Edwards, F.R.; Jones, R.S.","unstructured":"Edwards FR, Jones RS. Congenital aortic stenosis. Thorax 1962;17:218-29.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39798-3","article-title":"Progress and problems in the surgical management of congenital aortic stenosis","volume":"66","author":"Bernhard, W.F.; Keane, J.F.; Fellows, K.E.; Litwin, S.B.; Gross, R.E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bernhard WF, Keane JF, Fellows KE, Litwin SB, Gross RE. Progress and problems in the surgical management of congenital aortic stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1973;66:404-19.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"972","article-title":"Congenital valvar aortic stenosis","author":"Kirklin, J.W.; Barratt-Boyes, B.G.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kirklin JW, Barratt-Boyes BG. Congenital valvar aortic stenosis. In: Kirklin JW, Barratt-Boyes BG, eds. Cardiac surgery. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1986: 972-1012."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40435-2","article-title":"Congenital aortic stenosis. Experience with 43 patients","volume":"72","author":"Chiariello, L.; Agosti, J.; Vlad, P.; Subramanian, S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Chiariello L, Agosti J, Vlad P, Subramanian S. Congenital aortic stenosis. Experience with 43 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976;72:182-93.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)42493-8","article-title":"Results of operative treatment in congenital aortic stenosis. Preand postoperative hemodynamic evaluations","volume":"59","author":"Fisher, R.D.; Mason, D.T.; Morrow, A.G.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Fisher RD, Mason DT, Morrow AG. Results of operative treatment in congenital aortic stenosis. Preand postoperative hemodynamic evaluations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1970;59:218-24.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.54.1.112","article-title":"The surgical management of discrete and diffuse supravalvar aortic stenosis","volume":"54","author":"Keane, J.F.; Fellows, K.E.; La Farge, C.G.; Nadas, A.S.; Bernhard, W.F.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Keane JF, Fellows KE, La Farge CG, Nadas AS, Bernhard WF. The surgical management of discrete and diffuse supravalvar aortic stenosis. Circulation 1976;54: 112-7.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"Heart disease in infancy and childhood","author":"Keith, J.D.; Rowe, R.D.; Vlad, P.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Keith JD, Rowe RD, Vlad P. Heart disease in infancy and childhood, 2nd ed. New York: McMillan, 1967:3.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.20.020169.000311","article-title":"The natural history of congenital isolated pulmonic and aortic stenosis","volume":"20","author":"Hoffman, J.I.E.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hoffman JIE. The natural history of congenital isolated pulmonic and aortic stenosis. Ann Rev Med 1969;20: 15-28.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Med"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"17","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in Liverpool: 1960-1969","volume":"44","author":"Kenna, A.P.; Smithells, R.W.; Fielding, D.W.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kenna AP, Smithells RW, Fielding DW. Congenital heart disease in Liverpool: 1960-1969. Q J Med 1975;44: 17-44.","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Ventricular septal defect in children born in Liverpool 1960 to 1969","author":"Dickinson, D.F.; Arnold, R.; Wilkinson, J.L.","unstructured":"Dickinson DF, Arnold R, Wilkinson JL. Ventricular septal defect in children born in Liverpool 1960 to 1969."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"47","article-title":"Clinical course in aortic stenosis","volume":"I):","author":"Wagner, H.R.; Ellison, R.C.; Keane, J.F.; Humphries, J.O.; Nadas, A.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wagner HR, Ellison RC, Keane JF, Humphries JO, Nadas AS. Clinical course in aortic stenosis. Circulation 1977;56(suppl I):47-56.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"78","key":"ref_23","first-page":"615","article-title":"Sudden death in congenital aortic stenosis","volume":"1969","author":"Glew, R.H.; Varghese, P.J.; Krovetz, L.J.; Dorst, J.P.; Rowe, R.D.","unstructured":"Glew RH, Varghese PJ, Krovetz LJ, Dorst JP, Rowe RD. Sudden death in congenital aortic stenosis. Am Heart J 1969;78:615-25.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)90012-1","article-title":"Surgical spectrum of aortic stenosis in children: a thirty-year experience with 257 children","volume":"45","author":"Brown, J.W.; Stevens, L.S.; Holly, S.; Robison, R.; Rodefeld, M.; Grayson, T.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brown JW, Stevens LS, Holly S, Robison R, Rodefeld M, Grayson T, et al. Surgical spectrum of aortic stenosis in children: a thirty-year experience with 257 children. Ann Thorac Surg 1988;45:393-403.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62925-6","article-title":"Operative treatment of congenital aortic stenosis","volume":"26","author":"Salomon, N.W.; Stinson, E.B.; Oyer, P.; Copeland, J.G.; Shumway, N.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Salomon NW, Stinson EB, Oyer P, Copeland JG, Shumway NE. Operative treatment of congenital aortic stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg 1978;26:452-60.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90116-6","article-title":"Natural history of mild congenital aortic stenosis elucidated by serial haemodynamic studies","volume":"30","author":"Cohen, L.S.; Friedman, W.F.; Braunwald, E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cohen LS, Friedman WF, Braunwald E. Natural history of mild congenital aortic stenosis elucidated by serial haemodynamic studies. Am J Cardiol 1972;30:1-5.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(75)80356-8","article-title":"The Williams elfin facies syndrome. A new perspective","volume":"86","author":"Jones, K.U.; Smith, D.W.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Jones KU, Smith DW. The Williams elfin facies syndrome. A new perspective. JPediatr 1975;86:718-23.","journal-title":"JPediatr"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90916-8","article-title":"Echocardiographic and Doppler findings in the Williams syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Brand, A.; Keren, A.; Reifen, R.M.; Gross-Kieselstein, E.; Amir, N.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brand A, Keren A, Reifen RM, Gross-Kieselstein E, Amir N. Echocardiographic and Doppler findings in the Williams syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:633-5.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.27.4.547","article-title":"Familial supravalvar aortic stenosis","volume":"27","author":"Logan, W.F.W.E.; Wyn Jones, E.; Walker, E.; Coulshed, N.; Epstein, E.J.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Logan WFWE, Wyn Jones E, Walker E, Coulshed N, Epstein EJ. Familial supravalvar aortic stenosis. Br HeartJ 1965;27:547-59.","journal-title":"Br HeartJ"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(68)80242-2","article-title":"Familial supravalvular aortic stenosis","volume":"73","author":"McCue, C.M.; Spicuzza, T.J.; Robertson, L.W.; Mauck, H.P.","year":"1968","unstructured":"McCue CM, Spicuzza TJ, Robertson LW, Mauck HP. Familial supravalvular aortic stenosis. J Pediatr 1968; 73:889-95.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90716-E","article-title":"The probability of detecting a subaortic ridge in children with ventricular septal defect or coarctation of the aorta","volume":"66","author":"Cassidy, S.C.; Van Hare, G.F.; Silverman, N.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cassidy SC, Van Hare GF, Silverman NH. The probability of detecting a subaortic ridge in children with ventricular septal defect or coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:505-8.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90733-M","article-title":"Reappraisal of localized resection for subvalvar aortic stenosis","volume":"50","author":"Stewart, JR, Merrill; WH, Hammon; JW, Graham; TP, Bender; H.W.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stewart JR, Merrill WH, Hammon JW, Graham TP, Bender HW. Reappraisal of localized resection for subvalvar aortic stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;50: 197-203.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40196-7","article-title":"Late results of surgery for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children","volume":"71","author":"Lawson, R.M.; Bonchek, L.I.; Menashe, V.; Starr, A.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lawson RM, Bonchek LI, Menashe V, Starr A. Late results of surgery for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976; 71:334-41.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)37785-2","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients after valvotomy for congenital valvular aortic stenosis in children. A clinical and actuarial follow-up","volume":"80","author":"Sandor, G.G.S.; Olley, P.M.; Trusler, G.A.; Williams, W.G.; Rowe, R.D.; Morch, J.E.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sandor GGS, Olley PM, Trusler GA, Williams WG, Rowe RD, Morch JE. Long-term follow-up of patients after valvotomy for congenital valvular aortic stenosis in children. A clinical and actuarial follow-up. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980;80: 171-6.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(76)90062-X","article-title":"Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis in-hildhood. Study of 51 patients","volume":"38","author":"Newfeld, E.A.; Muster, A.J.; Paul, M.H.; Idress, F.S.; Riker, W.L.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Newfeld EA, Muster AJ, Paul MH, Idress FS, Riker WL. Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis in-hildhood. Study of 51 patients. Am J Cardiol 1976;38:53-61.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.62.4.315","article-title":"The natural course of supravalvar aortic stenosis and peripheral artery stenosis in Williams's syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Giddins, N.S.; Finley, J.P.; Nanton, M.A.; Roy, D.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Giddins NS, Finley JP, Nanton MA, Roy DL. The natural course of supravalvar aortic stenosis and peripheral artery stenosis in Williams's syndrome. Br Heart J 1989;62:315-9.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"256","article-title":"Supravalvular aortic stenosis. A 20-year clinical perspective and experience with patch aortoplasty","volume":"51","author":"Flaker, G.; Teske, D.; Kilman, J.; Hosier, D.; Wooley, C.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Flaker G, Teske D, Kilman J, Hosier D, Wooley C. Supravalvular aortic stenosis. A 20-year clinical perspective and experience with patch aortoplasty. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:256-60.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795110001088X","article-title":"Spectrum of valvar abnormalities in Noonan's syndrome: a pathologic study","volume":"4","author":"Sreeram, N.; Kitchiner, D.; Smith, A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sreeram N, Kitchiner D, Smith A. Spectrum of valvar abnormalities in Noonan's syndrome: a pathologic study. Cardiology in the young 1994;4:62-6.","journal-title":"Cardiology in the young"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"212","author":"Magenis, E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Magenis E, Hecht F. In: Bergsma D, ed. Birth defects compendium. New York: Macmillan Press, 1979:212-3."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.240.201","article-title":"Management of congenital aortic stenosis","volume":"45","author":"Reid, J.M.; Coleman, E.N.; Stevenson, J.G.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Reid JM, Coleman EN, Stevenson JG. Management of congenital aortic stenosis. Arch Dis Child 1970;45: 201-5.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.56.6.1034","article-title":"Discrete membranous subaortic stenosis. Report of 31 patients, review of the literature, and delineation of management","volume":"56","author":"Katz, N.M.; Buckley, M.J.; Liberthson, R.R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Katz NM, Buckley MJ, Liberthson RR. Discrete membranous subaortic stenosis. Report of 31 patients, review of the literature, and delineation of management. Circulation 1977;56: 1034-8.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1020318","article-title":"Fixed subaortic stenosis: an acquired secondary obstruction? A twenty-seven year experience with 168 patients","volume":"37","author":"Vogt, J.; Dische, R.; Rupprath, G.; de Vivie, E.R.; St, Kotthoff; Kececioglu, D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Vogt J, Dische R, Rupprath G, de Vivie ER, Kotthoff St, Kececioglu D. Fixed subaortic stenosis: an acquired secondary obstruction? A twenty-seven year experience with 168 patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;37: 199-206.","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)32636-0","article-title":"Indications for haemodynamic evaluation and surgery in congenital aortic stenosis","volume":"18","author":"Friedman, W.F.; Pappelbaum, S.J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Friedman WF, Pappelbaum SJ. Indications for haemodynamic evaluation and surgery in congenital aortic stenosis. Pediatr Clin North Am 1971;18:1207-21.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"11","article-title":"Second natural history study of congenital heart defects. Results of treatment of patients with aortic valvar stenosis","volume":"I):","author":"Keane, J.F.; Dirscoll, D.J.; Gersony, W.M.; Hayes, C.J.; Kidd, L.; O'Fallon, W.M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Keane JF, Dirscoll DJ, Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Kidd L, O'Fallon WM, et al. Second natural history study of congenital heart defects. Results of treatment of patients with aortic valvar stenosis. Circulation 1993;87(suppl I): 11-27.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35248-1","article-title":"Results of operation for aortic stenosis for aortic valve stenosis in infants, children, and adolescents","volume":"96","author":"Wheller, J.J.; Hosier, D.M.; Teske, D.W.; Craenen, J.M.; Kilman, J.W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wheller JJ, Hosier DM, Teske DW, Craenen JM, Kilman JW. Results of operation for aortic stenosis for aortic valve stenosis in infants, children, and adolescents. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;96:474-7.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90090-S","article-title":"Late results of aontic valvotomy for congenital valvar aortic stenosis","volume":"50","author":"DeBoer, D.A.; Robbins, R.C.; Maron, B.J.; McIntosh, C.L.; Clark, R.E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"DeBoer DA, Robbins RC, Maron BJ, McIntosh CL, Clark RE. Late results of aontic valvotomy for congenital valvar aortic stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;50: 69-73.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90912-8","article-title":"Discrete subaortic stenosis in adults","volume":"42","author":"Sung, C.-S.; Price, E.C.; Cooley, D.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sung C-S, Price EC, Cooley DA. Discrete subaortic stenosis in adults. Am J Cardiol 1978;42:283-90.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.61.2.186","article-title":"Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve for congenital aortic stenosis in childhood","volume":"61","author":"Sullivan, I.D.; Wren, C.; Bain, H.; Hunter, S.; Rees, P.G.; Taylor, J.F.N.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sullivan ID, Wren C, Bain H, Hunter S, Rees PG, Taylor JFN, et al. Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve for congenital aortic stenosis in childhood. Br Heart J 1989; 61:186-91.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91388-M","article-title":"Balloon aortic valvuloplasty: results of the valvuloplasty and angioplasty of congenital anomalies registry","volume":"65","author":"Rocchini, A.P.; Beekman, R.H.; Ben Shachar, G.; Benson, L.; Schwartz, D.; Kan, J.S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rocchini AP, Beekman RH, Ben Shachar G, Benson L, Schwartz D, Kan JS. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty: results of the valvuloplasty and angioplasty of congenital anomalies registry. Am J Cardiol 1990;65:784-9.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90553-L","article-title":"Immediate and follow-up results of transluminal balloon dilatation for discrete subaoric stenosis","volume":"18","author":"de Lezo J, Suarez; M, Pan; A, Medina; M, Romero; F, Melian; J, Segura","year":"1991","unstructured":"Suarez de Lezo J, Pan M, Medina A, Romero M, Melian F, Segura J, et al. Immediate and follow-up results of transluminal balloon dilatation for discrete subaoric stenosis. JAm Coil Cardiol 1991;18:1309-15.","journal-title":"JAm Coil Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1978.01370230038004","article-title":"Congenital aoric stenosis. Ten to 22 years after valvulotomy","volume":"113","author":"Stewart, JR, Paton; BC, Blount; SG, Swan; H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Stewart JR, Paton BC, Blount SG, Swan H. Congenital aoric stenosis. Ten to 22 years after valvulotomy. Arch Surg 1978;113:1248-52.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"291","article-title":"Congenital cardiac disease: a review of 357 cases studied pathologically","volume":"1962","author":"Fontana, R.S.; Edwards, J.E.","unstructured":"Fontana RS, Edwards JE. Congenital cardiac disease: a review of 357 cases studied pathologically. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1962:291."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"639","article-title":"Congenital aortic stenosis: some observations on the natural history and clinical assessment","volume":"91","author":"Peckham, G.B.; Keith, J.D.; Evans, JR","year":"1964","unstructured":"Peckham GB, Keith JD, Evans JR. Congenital aortic stenosis: some observations on the natural history and clinical assessment. Can Med Assoc J 1964;91:639-43.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.71.6.588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T01:05:40Z","timestamp":1601082340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.71.6.588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.71.6.588","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6037","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]}}}