{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T12:51:52Z","timestamp":1760100712106,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent left superior vena cava (SVC) is a not uncommon finding in patients with congenital heart disease. This anatomical variant must be recognised before doing a Glenn anastomosis, bidirectional cavopulmonary connection or a Fontan-type procedure. Following these procedures, reopening of a left SVC leading to clinical cyanosis can occur. Five cases are described in whom persisting left SVCs were excluded before performing a bidirectional cavopulmonary connection or Fontan procedure but (re-)opened after surgery, leading to cyanosis either by reducing effective pulmonary blood flow (bidirectional cavopulmonary connection) or by an obligatory right to left shunt (Fontan). These observations suggest that, embryologically, the lumen of the left SVC obliterates rather than disappears. Balloon occlusion angiography of the innominate vein before cavopulmonary connections or Fontan procedures might improve detection of these collateral vessels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.79.5.509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T15:31:45Z","timestamp":1413991905000},"page":"509-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Reopening of persistent left superior caval vein after bidirectional cavopulmonary connections"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"L H P M","family":"Filippini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ovaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D G","family":"Nykanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R M","family":"Freedom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90060-4"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)41384-6","article-title":"Longterm effect of the superior vena cava-pulmonary artery anastomosis on pulmonary blood flow.","volume":"74","author":"Laks","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.3","unstructured":"Magee AG McCrindle BW Mawson J (1996) Systemic venous collaterals after the bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt: prevalence and risk factors [abstract]. XXXI annual meeting of the Association of European Pediatric Cardiologists, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden."},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.73.2.182"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.74.3.282"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.48.4.388"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819109064763","article-title":"Pathogenesis of persistent left superior vena cava with a coronary sinus connection.","volume":"11","author":"Nsah","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatric Pathology"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.31.6.906","article-title":"Termination of left superior vena cava in left atrium, atrial septal defect, and absence of coronary sinus.","volume":"xxxi","author":"Raghib","year":"1965","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0750-7658(05)80953-0","article-title":"Catheterisme veineux et anomalies congenitales de la veine cave superieure.","volume":"9","author":"Page","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annales Francaises d\u2019Anesthesie et de Reanimation"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.16.4.423","article-title":"The left-sided superior vena cava.","volume":"16","author":"Campbell","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0304(199608)38:4<379::AID-CCD13>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(86)80382-8"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.65.3.158"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.14","first-page":"599","article-title":"Anomalous systemic venous connection. Surgical considerations.","volume":"50","author":"de Leval","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.15","first-page":"122","article-title":"Anomalies of the systemic venous return: a review.","volume":"5","author":"Mazzucco","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00475-6"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)01137-4"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90047-7"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.52.6.648"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.20","first-page":"170","article-title":"Bidirectional cavo-pulmonary anastomosis as interim palliation for high-risk Fontan candidates: early results.","volume":"82","author":"Bridges","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00223-4"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)61344-6"},{"key":"2025100703084048000_79.5.509.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90298-A","article-title":"Transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis of coronary sinus orifice atresia.","volume":"124","author":"Sunaga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.79.5.509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T10:08:48Z","timestamp":1759831728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.79.5.509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/hrt.79.5.509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.79.5.509","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037","1468-201X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1355-6037"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-201X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]}}}