{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T22:00:13Z","timestamp":1761948013290,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe the use of intravenous adenosine to create transient cardiac standstill during balloon dilatation procedures for congenital heart defects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A tertiary paediatric cardiac centre.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design and patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a prospective pilot study. Thirteen patients born with congenital heart disease and who had stenotic lesions requiring relief were considered for the technique. All were suitable for balloon dilatation. Their ages ranged from 2 months to 30 years, mean (SD) 9.9 (9.8) years. The dose of adenosine varied from 0.125 mg\/kg to 0.555 mg\/kg, mean 0.33 (0.127).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two patients only developed sinus bradycardia in response to adenosine, which may have been related to the technique of administration. The other 11 experienced a period of asystole, which ranged from 2.4 to 10.8 seconds, mean 4.99 (2.27), and a total atrioventricular block period of 5.0 to 21.2 seconds, mean 9.47 (4.64). The interval between adenosine injection and the onset of asystole varied from 2.4 to 15.8 seconds, mean 8.05 (3.6), depending on cannula size, site of administration, and cardiac output. The peak gradient across the stenotic lesions fell from 52.3 (23.7) to 17.8 (11.9) mm Hg (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Apart from one short episode of atrial fibrillation there were no complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intravenous adenosine is a safe and effective agent for creating transient cardiac standstill during balloon dilatation procedures for congenital heart disease. This achieves stability which is likely to improve results and reduce complications. It may have applications in other fields of cardiac intervention where an immobile heart is desirable during the critical phase of a procedure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.80.4.330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T15:31:45Z","timestamp":1413991905000},"page":"330-333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Adenosine induced transient cardiac standstill in catheter interventional procedures for congenital heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"J V","family":"De Giovanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aHeart Unit, Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital NHS Trust, Ladywood Middleway, Birmingham B16 8ET, UK, \n\nbDepartment of Anaesthetics, Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Edgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aHeart Unit, Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital NHS Trust, Ladywood Middleway, Birmingham B16 8ET, UK, \n\nbDepartment of Anaesthetics, Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cranston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aHeart Unit, Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital NHS Trust, Ladywood Middleway, Birmingham B16 8ET, UK, \n\nbDepartment of Anaesthetics, Birmingham Children\u2019s Hospital NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89395-2"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.3.457","article-title":"Dilatation angioplasty of congenital or operative narrowings of venous channels.","volume":"70","author":"Lock","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.2.605","article-title":"Implantation and intermediate-term follow-up of stents in congenital heart disease.","volume":"82","author":"O\u2019Laughlin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002469900125"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190655"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(97)80021-7"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060826","article-title":"Interventional catheterisation in paediatric cardiology.","volume":"16","author":"Gatzoulis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80168-7","article-title":"Double balloon technique for dilatation of valvular or vessel stenosis in congenital and acquired heart disease.","volume":"10","author":"Mullins","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.2.351","article-title":"Balloon dilatation of congenital aortic stenosis\u2014results and influence of technical and morphological features on 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heart.","volume":"68","author":"Drury","year":"1929","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.11.1.55","article-title":"The effect of adenosine triphosphate on the electrocardiogram of man and animals.","volume":"11","author":"Wayne","year":"1949","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80027-9","article-title":"The effect of adenosine and adenosine-5-triphosphate on atrio-ventricular conduction.","volume":"5","author":"Favale","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80181-9"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91476-6","article-title":"Adenosine in the diagnosis of broad complex tachycardia.","volume":"i","author":"Griffith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025092014383121000_80.4.330.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(84)80143-6","article-title":"Transverse aortic wall tears in infants after balloon angioplasty for aortic valve stenosis: relation of aortic wall damage to diameter of inflated angioplasty balloon and aortic lumen in seven necropsy cases.","volume":"4","author":"Waller","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Coll 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Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.80.4.330","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T21:38:39Z","timestamp":1758404319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.80.4.330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/hrt.80.4.330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.80.4.330","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037","1468-201X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1355-6037"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-201X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]]}}}