{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:11:14Z","timestamp":1777356674198,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results of immediate and short term follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve have been well documented, but there is limited information on long term follow up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the results of three to 10 year follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tertiary care centre\/university hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>85 patients (aged between 1 day and 20 years, mean (SD) 7.0 (6.4) years) underwent balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve during an 11 year period ending August 1994. There was a resultant reduction in the peak to peak gradient from 87 (38) to 26 (22)\u2009mm\u2009Hg. Immediate surgical intervention was not required. Residual gradients of 29 (17)\u2009mm\u2009Hg were measured by catheterisation (n\u2009=\u200947) and echo Doppler (n\u2009=\u200982) at intermediate term follow up (two years). When individual results were scrutinised, nine of 82 patients had restenosis, defined as a peak gradient of 50\u2009mm\u2009Hg or more. Seven of these patients underwent repeat balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve: peak gradients were reduced from 89 (40) to 38 (20)\u2009mm\u2009Hg. Clinical evaluation and echo Doppler data of 80 patients showed that residual peak instantaneous Doppler gradients were 17 (15)\u2009mm\u2009Hg at long term follow up (three to 10 years, median seven), with evidence for late restenosis in one patient (1.3%). Surgical intervention was necessary to relieve fixed infundibular stenosis in three patients and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis in one. Repeat balloon dilatation was performed to relieve restenosis in two patients. Actuarial reintervention free rates at one, two, five, and 10 years were 94%, 89%, 88%, and 84%, respectively. Pulmonary valve regurgitation was noted in 70 of 80 patients at late follow up, but neither right ventricular dilatation nor paradoxical interventricular septal motion developed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results of late follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve are excellent. Repeat balloon dilatation was performed in 11% of patients and surgical intervention for subvalvlar or supravalvar stenosis in 5%. Most patients had mild residual pulmonary regurgitation but right ventricular volume overload did not develop and surgical intervention was not required. Balloon dilatation is the treatment of choice in the management of moderate to severe stenosis of the pulmonary valve. Further follow up studies should be undertaken to evaluate the significance of residual pulmonary regurgitation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.80.6.591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T15:31:45Z","timestamp":1413991905000},"page":"591-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Results of three to 10 year follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"P S","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, \n\nbUniversity of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, \n\ncSt Louis University School of Medicine\/Cardinal Glennon Children\u2019s Hospital, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Galal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, \n\nbUniversity of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, \n\ncSt Louis University School of Medicine\/Cardinal Glennon Children\u2019s Hospital, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Patnana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, \n\nbUniversity of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, \n\ncSt Louis University School of Medicine\/Cardinal Glennon Children\u2019s Hospital, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S H","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, \n\nbUniversity of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, \n\ncSt Louis University School of Medicine\/Cardinal Glennon Children\u2019s Hospital, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A D","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, \n\nbUniversity of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, \n\ncSt Louis University School of Medicine\/Cardinal Glennon Children\u2019s Hospital, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198208263070907"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.69.3.554","article-title":"Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis.","volume":"69","author":"Kan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(88)90023-3"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960120202","article-title":"Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty: a review.","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin 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(Wiley-Liss, New York), pp 59\u2013104."},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90026-7"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.11","first-page":"57","article-title":"Influence of balloon size on the short-term and long-term results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.","volume":"14","author":"Rao","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80434-X"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.60.6.507"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80168-7","article-title":"Double balloon technique for dilatation of valvar or vessel stenosis in congenital or acquired heart disease.","volume":"10","author":"Mullins","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8183.1988.tb00945.x","article-title":"Double balloon technique for percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty: comparison with single balloon technique.","volume":"1","author":"Rao","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Intervent Cardiol"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.16","first-page":"309","article-title":"Value of echo-Doppler studies in the evaluation of the results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.","volume":"5","author":"Rao","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Ultrasonography"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(87)90315-9"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.18","unstructured":"Cooper J Fan P Chopra HK (1989) Conventional and color Doppler assessment of right-sided valvar regurgitation. in Textbook of color Doppler echocardiography. ed Nanda NK (Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia), pp 160\u2013167."},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90909-5"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(89)90078-1"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91048-B"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(92)90003-I"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.6.1915"},{"key":"2025100705184413000_80.6.591.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90154-F","article-title":"Intermediate-term outcome after pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty: comparison with a matched surgical group.","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.80.6.591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T12:18:56Z","timestamp":1759839536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/heart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/hrt.80.6.591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/hrt.80.6.591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.80.6.591","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6037","1468-201X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6037","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-201X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]}}}